Hybridization fuel-cell powertrains

With the jubilee 5 years of hydrogen project at the airport of Munich MAN commercial vehicle group presented a newly developed low floor line bus with hybrid fuel cell powertrain. The electrical driving motor was supplied by 68 kW from a PEM fuel cell system and 100 kW from an energy storage [50]. 

Fig. 8.14 (a) Straight fuel cell powertrain, (b) Hybrid electric power train with fuel cell and electric storage. 

Fig. 4.10 Different hybrid configurations of a fuel cell powertrain. (B/i

IRISBUS was studying together with Centro Ricerche Fiat on a hybrid fuel cell bus in 1999. The basis of the powertrain integration was a Diesel-Hybrid of Altra (100 % subsidiary of IVECO). The fuel cell system had only a power of 62 kW and was therefore replacing the Diesel motor. From 2001 until 2006 three buses were tested in Turin and Madrid. 

Burke, A.F. (2007) Supercapadtors in hybrid vehicle powertrains, in Proceedings of TransAlpine Workshop on Hybrid, Electric and fuel Cell Systems, October 2007, Pollein, Italy. 

Ouyang M, Xu L, Li J, Lu L, Gao D, Xie Q (2006) Performance comparison of two fuel cell hybrid buses with different powertrain and energy management strategies. J Power Sources 163 467 79... 

The following fuel cell bus generations, the Mercedes-Benz Citaro FuelCELL-Hybrid show significant improvements compared to the predecessors. With a 35 % higher system efficiency and further optimizations in the powertrain, the fuel... 

TuttoTransporti/Marcopolo (Brazil). In 1995 under the frame of the UNDP scheme a project was signed to show the advantages of fuel cell technology for Brazil. The hybrid powertrain was integrating two Hy80 fuel cell systems (Daimler) and three Zebra batteries in the vehicle back [52]. 

EU Coalition Study A Portfolio of Powertrains for Europe A Fact Based Analysis - The Role of Battery Electric Vehicles, Plug-in-Hybrids and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles. McKinsey, Dusseldorf (2010)... 

In addition to the fuel-ceU hybrid systems for powertrains and hght traction applications described above, there are several other appHcations that use fuel-cell hybrid systems, some of which are described briefly below. These examples are only niche market appHcations. At present, the main application area for fuel-cell hybrid systems is mobile applications, as has been described. 

Gao, W. (2005) Performance comparison of a fuel cell-battery hybrid powertrain and a fuel cell-ultracapacitor hybrid powertrain. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol,... 

The performance of the vehicles has also improved. In 2010, Daimler stated that its current FGV had a stack hfetime of 110000 km, and projected that this would improve to 250 000 km by 2020 [4]. GM similarly predicts a lifetime of 200 000 km and 5500 h [3]. Further, a 2010 study by a consortium of over 30 stakeholders from various industries concluded that current FGVs display performance, ranges and refuehng times comparable to those of conventional vehicles on the market today, and that the total cost of ownership for aU powertrains studied [internal combustion engine (IGE) vehicles, fuel cell vehicles (EGVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), and battery electric vehicles (BEVs)] are expected to converge by 2025 [5]. 

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