Hybrid typical device structures

Flgure13.6 (a) Schematic illustration of typical device structures for hybrid solarcells. The hybrid film consists usually of a conjugated polymer as donor and NCs as acceptor materials and can be structured as bilayer (b), bulk heterojunction (c), or in an interdigitated manner (d). 

A typical hybrid nanocrystal-polymer blend PV device is composed of one active layer deposited usually onto ITO anode and covered with a material with comparable low work function (e.g., Al cathode). The structure of hybrid nanocrystals-polymer blend PV devices, essentially a single layer device, is shown in Fig. 4. 

Fig. 4 Typical structure of hybrid nanocrystal-polymer blend photovoltaic devices...

There are three major window configmations battery-like, solution phase and hybrid structures (Rauh, 1999). A typical configuration of the battery-like structure elec-trochromic (EC) devices is shown in Figure 35-1. 

In addition, it is very important to arrange, align, orientate, and integrate these polymer and/or hybridized NCs exactly and selectively on a substrate [55-59, 61, 87], and one should keep such kinds of NCs in mind in order to input and output optical- and electric-signals and/or information for device application. Here, encapsulation of polymer NCs and their arrangement by the use of a lithographically patterned substrate have been proposed to solve the above-mentioned problems [61]. As a typical example, the assembled structure of polymer microspheres (MSs) having mono-dispersed size is well known in the applications of some photonic crystal devices [87], In contrast, the proposed fabrication procedures seem to be much more extensive and superior to the previous ones. 

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