Human immunodeficiency virus viral life cycle

Levy-Mintz, P., Duan, L. X., Zhang, H. Z., Hu, B. C., Domadula, G., Zhu, M. H Kulkosky, J., Bizub-Bender, D., Skalka, A. M., and Pomerantz, R. J. (1996) Intracellular expression of single-chain variable fragments to inhibit early stages of the viral life cycle by targeting human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase. J. Virol. 70, 8821-8832. 

Despite the diversity in the structures of viruses and the types of host cell that are infected, there are several basic steps in the life cycle of all viruses infection (penetration of the virion or its nucleic acid into the host cell), replication (expression of the viral genome), maturation (assembly of viral components into virions), and release (the emission of new virions from the host cell). Because viruses usually possess only enough genetic information to specify the synthesis of their own components, each type must exploit some of the normal metabolic reactions of its host cell to complete the life cycle. For this reason there are numerous variations on these basic steps. This point can be illustrated by comparing the life cycles of two well-researched viruses the T4 bacteriophage and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). 

Shaheen F, Duan L, Zhu M, et al. (1996). Targeting human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase by intracellular expression of single-chain variable fragments to inhibit early stages of the viral life cycle. /. Virol. 70 3392-3400. 

Moreover, A-myristoylation also plays a critical role in bacterial and viral entry. Although vimses and bacteria usually lack the enzyme NMT required for this modification, their proteins are consequently processed by NMTs of the hosts [11]. During the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HTV-1) life cycle, an HIV protein. Gag, specifically assembles at the lipid raft region of the host cell membrane. The high concentration of Gags facilitates the viral particle budding. The... 

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