Hovering period

Katto and Yokoya [102] showed that the volume of the vapor mushrooms increased linearly with time (which is consistent with the hypothesis of the growth being governed in the macrolayer) and obtained the following expression for the hovering period x between vapor mushroom departures ... 

T Ti Stefan-Boltzmann constant (5.669 x 10"8), W/m2K4 t/tc (Fig. 15.24) hovering period of vapor mushrooms, s dimensionless time (Eq. 15.151) interfacial shear stress, N/m2... 

An example of a journal hovering between broad and narrow spectrum is Journal of Alloys and Compounds, subtitled an interdiciplinary journal of materials science and solid-state chemistry and physics. One which is more restrictively focused is Journal of Nuclear Materials (which I edited for its first 25 years). Ceramics has a range of journals, of which the most substantial is Journal of the American Ceramic Society. Ceramics International is an example of an international journal in the field, while Journal of the European Ceramic Society is a rather unusual instance of a periodical with a continental remit. More specialised journals include Solid State Ionics Diffusion and Reactions, and a new Journal of Electroceramics, started in 1997. 

The preparations for war hastened the growth of Italian production, which outpaced the international trend in growth. Between 1931 and 1941 Italy s primary aluminium output hovered around 5 per cent of world production. Subsequently, when production grew in many countries as a result of the war effort, Italy s share settled down at 2 per cent. After 1950 the growth rate of Italian aluminium production continued to keep pace with world production, and in the new context of European markets it managed to hold a fairly important position, at least in the sector of alumina. Until the start-up of the Sardinian aluminium pool in the 1970s, this development depended upon the experience and structures that had been created in the inter-war period. 

The United States also built and operated one nuclear-powered cargo vessel, but abandoned it as uneconomical compared to the cost of oil-powered vessels, in the 1960 period, when the cost of a barrel of oil was in the range of about 10. The Soviet Union built and launched two nuclear-powered ice breakers, and after the end of the Cold War were put into service primarily for tourist-associated business involving travel to the poles. The economics of construction and operation of new nuclear-powered commercial ships has not drawn much attention in the last several decades, despite the cost of petroleum hovering around the 100 per barrel range. Fuel costs for shipping of goods and materials is a relatively small fraction of the wholesale costs. 

O3 passed at room temp, into a suspension of a-truxillic acid in acetic acid-water over a period of 20 hrs., then lO -HgOg-soln. added gradually, and after 2 days the solvent removed in vacuo below 40° crude cyclobutane-1,2/3,4-tetracarboxylic acid. Y 90%. Also isomers s. R. Criegee and H. Hover, B. 93, 2521 (1960). 

In 1978, Christy Harrington (1978) discovered Pluto s rather large, but close-by satellite Charon. The radius of Charon is between 600 and 650 km, which is more than half of that of Pluto (Tholen Buie, 1997). In comparison, the lunar radius is 0.27 that of Earth. Charon orbits Pluto at a distance of 16.5 Pluto radii with an orbital period of 6.4 Earth days. It can safely be assumed that the bodies are tidally locked to each other, which means the rotation periods of Pluto and of Charon equal the orbital period of Charon (Dobrovolskis etal, 1997). Charon must be an impressive sight observed from Pluto hovering over the same equatorial area, it would appear nearly 7.5 times the diameter of the Moon as seen from Earth. Even more dramatic would be Pluto observed from the surface of Charon its apparent diameter would be nearly 14 times the lunar diameter. In contrast to this, the diameter of the Sun subtends only 38 and 48 arcsec as seen from the aphelion and perihelion positions of Pluto, respectively. The maximum angular diameter of Jupiter seen from Earth is about 46 arcsec. 

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