Hormones in plants

Boysen-Jensen, P. Growth hormones in plants, (translated by G.S. Avery and P.R. Burkholder), New York McGraw-Hill 1936... 

Plants do not only possess the tools for the perception of peptide signals, they also have enzymes potentially involved in the processing of peptide prohormones. The existence of such enzymes provides additional indirect evidence for a general role of peptide hormones in plant signal transduction processes. 

Boysen Jensen, P., Avery, G.S., Burkholder, P.R. (1936). Growth Hormones in Plants. McGraw-Hill, New York. 

Plant Hormones. In "Plant Physiology" Vol. VI B, "Physiology of Development. The Hormones" ... 

Alkene Complexes. Of all the metals involved in biological systems only Cu reacts with ethylene, and a Cu1 complex is involved in binding C2H4 which acts as a hormone in plants. Formation constants can be determined in solutions and several complexes have been isolated, for example, Cu(C2H4)(bipy)+. The reaction... 

Among the numerous discoveries that we owe to the botanists and the pharmacognosts, the precocious interest for tryptophan metabolites has to be evoked, especially the interest for indolylacetic acid. This compound acts as growth hormone in plants. Para-chlorinated phenoxyacetic... 

Bergamasco R., Horn D.H.S. (1983) Distribution and role of insect hormones in plants. In Endocrinology of Insects (ed. Downer R.G.H., Laufer H.), 627-54. NewYork Alan R. Liss. 

Evidence that JA can actually act as a hormone in plants has now been obtained with tobacco, where damage to leaves causes JA synthesis, and this JA has been shown to then move to the roots and induce the formation of nicotine there [97]. Sembdner [24] has argued that both JA and MJa are endogenous mediators of leaf senescence, although there is little direct evidence for this. 

Immunoaffinity chromatography can provide extensive purification of endogenous hormones in plant extracts [60] (see Figs. 6 and 7 in Section 6.2). Both monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies have been used to produce immunoaffinity supports for lAA [60,61], GAs [62,63] and cytokinins [64,65]. Despite the enormous potential of the procedure, it has as yet not found widespread application in plant hormone purification protocols. The situation is unlikely to change until a range of immunoaffinity supports are available from commercial sources at affordable prices. The raising of antibodies against plant hormones, the preparation of a variety of immunoaffinity supports and their application in plant hormone analysis are discussed and evaluated in Chapter 3. 

The dramatic stimulation of shoot elongation that occurs in certain dwarf mutants when they are treated with GAs is one of the clearest demonstrations of the importance of these hormones in plant development. This restoration of growth by GA treatment gave the first... 

Among the numerous discoveries that we owe to botanists and pharmacognosts are the development of tryptophan metabolites, and especially indolylacetic acid. This compound acts as growth hormone in plants. Para-chlorinated phenoxyacetic acids (MCPA or methoxone 2,4-D or chloroxone) are mimics of indolylacetic acid (bioisostery) and show similar phytohormonal properties at high doses they serve as weeders. Ring-chlorinated phenoxyacetic acids were later introduced in molecules as varied as meclofenoxate (cerebral metabohsm), clofibrate (Upid metabolism) and ethacrynic acid (diuretic). 

INTERBELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SECONDAEY PRODUCTS AND HORMONES IN PLANTS... 

A wound hormone in plants, traumatin or l-decene-1,10-dicarboxylic acid, was first isolated from bean pods. This substance is capable of inducing renewed cell division and... 

Heftman, E., Steroid hormones in plants, Lloydia, 38, 195-209 (1975b). 

Occurrence and Function. Structures of over 5,000 naturally occurring T. are known. Hiey occur in all living forms, but biological functions are known for only a few. Carotenoids are important as accessory photosynthetic pigments, and several groups of T. act as hormones in plants, insects and higher animals. Many pheromones are T.Some T. are also important in medicine and as raw materials in the industrial preparation of foods, perfumes, varnishes and rubber. 

In animals hormones are produced either in special glands (cf. Table 64) or are formed in tissues in which the production of hormones is a biochemical side activity only (so-called tissue hormones). In plants and microorganisms, special hormone-producing glands are absent, but also in plants hormone synthesis is unequal in the different types of cells. Cytokinins, for instance, are produced predominantly in roots and 3-indoleacetic acid in apical meristems. 

Table 64. Secondary products used as hormones in plants and animals...

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