Hormones brain receptors

Guan, X. M., Yu, H., Palyha, O. C. et al. (1997). Distribution of mRNA encoding the growth hormone secretagogue receptor in brain and peripheral tissues. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 48, 23-9. 

Saito, Y., Cheng, M., Leslie, F. M. Civelh, O. (2001). Expression of the melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) receptor mRNA in the rat brain. J. Comp. Neurol 435, 26-40. 

De Souza EB, Battaglia G (1988) Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) receptors in brain. Adv Exp Med Biol 245 123-36... 

Tatro, J. B., Melanotropin receptors in the brain are differentially distributed and recognise both corticotropin and alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone, Brain Res., 536, 124, 1990. 

Carrasco, E., Blum, M., Weickert, C. S., and Casper, D. (2003). Epidermal growth factor receptor expression is related to post-mitotic events in cerebellar development Regulation by thyroid hormone. Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res. 140, 1-13. 

In the adult brain, receptors have been identified, but the specific genes affected by thyroid hormones have not yet been located. However, in the developing brain of the fetus and neonate, the effects of... 

Thyroid hormone receptors (THRs) are subdivided intoa and P types, each having two isoforms. In rat brain, THR, mRNA is present in hippocampus, hypothalmus, cortex, cerebellum, and amygdala. Thyroxine (l-T (284) and triiodothyronine (l-T ) (285) are endogenous ligands for the THRs. TRIAC (286) is a THR antagonist. Selective ligands for PPARs have yet to be identified (Table 16). 

Steroid Hormones and Neurosteroids. Steroids (qv) can affect neuroendocrine function, stress responses, and behavioral sexual dimorphism (78,79) (see Steroids). Mineralocorticoid, glucocorticoid, androgen, estrogen, and progesterone receptors are localized in the brain and spinal cord. In addition to genomic actions, the neurosteroid can act more acutely to modulate the actions of other receptors or ion channels (80). Pregnenolone [145-13-17, ( ) dehydroepiandosterone [53-43-0] C H2 02 (319) are excitatory neurosteroids found in rat brain, independent of adrenal... 

The first hormonal signal found to comply with the characteristics of both a satiety and an adiposity signal was insulin [1]. Insulin levels reflect substrate (carbohydrate) intake and stores, as they rise with blood glucose levels and fall with starvation. In addition, they may reflect the size of adipose stores, because a fatter person secretes more insulin than a lean individual in response to a given increase of blood glucose. This increased insulin secretion in obesity can be explained by the reduced insulin sensitivity of liver, muscle, and adipose tissue. Insulin is known to enter the brain, and direct administration of insulin to the brain reduces food intake. The adipostatic role of insulin is supported by the observation that mutant mice lacking the neuronal insulin receptor (NDRKO mice) develop obesity. 

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