Hormonal Phenylephrine

Release from intracellular pools Hormonal stimulation of Phenylephrine 254 ... 

Glucagon increases cytosolic Ca2+ both by mobilizing intracellular Ca2+ stores and promoting Ca2+ influx across the plasma membrane. The internal Ca2+ stores mobilized by glucagon appear to be the same as those acted on by other Ca2+-mo-bilizing hormones [5,9,143] (Fig 9), and there is evidence that the plasma membrane Ca2+ channel(s) controlled by glucagon are the same as those controlled by vasopressin or phenylephrine [144,145],... 

The hormonal regulation of GCS expression has special physiological relevance. Phenylephrine, glucagon or dibutyryl cAMP inhibit GCS activity, which decreases glutathione synthesis and leads to glutathione depletion in rat hepatocytes [26,27]. The loss of GCS activity induced by these stress hormones is mediated by phosphorylation of the catalytic GCS subunit due to activation of protein kinase A, protein kinase C or Ca -calmoduhn kinase [28]. Consequently, the stress response diminishes GSH synthesis, which may increase the availability of cysteine for the synthesis of stress proteins [14]. 

Lu SC, Garcia-Ruiz C, Kuhlenkamp J, Ookhtens M, Salas-Prato M, Kaplowitz N (1990) Hormonal regulation of glutathione efflux. J Biol Chem 265 16088-95 Sies H, Graf P (1985) Hepatic thiol and glutathione efflux under the influence of vasopressin, phenylephrine and adrenaline. Biochem J 226 545... 

In the body, hormones called biogenic amines carry messages between the central nervous system and nerve cells. Epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline) are released by the adrenal medulla in fight-or-flight situations to raise the blood glucose level and move the blood to the muscles. Used in remedies for colds, hay fever, and asthma, Benzedrine, Neo-Synephrine (phenylephrine), and norepinephrine contract the capillaries in the mucous membranes of the respiratory passages. Sometimes Benzedrine is taken internally... 

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