Homogeneous surface pool

Fig. 3. Response of a single, homogeneous surface pool to a step change in the isotopic concentration of one of the reactants.

Condensation of vapor occurs in a variety of engineering applications. For example, when a vapor is cooled below its saturation temperature, or when a vapor-gas mixture is cooled below its dew point, homogeneous condensation occurs as a fog or cloud of microscopic droplets. Condensation also occurs when vapor comes in direct contact with subcooled liquid such as spraying a fine mist of subcooled liquid droplets into a vapor space or injecting vapor bubbles into a pool of subcooled liquid. The most common type of condensation occurs when a cooled surface, at a temperature less than the local saturation temperature of the vapor, is placed in contact with the vapor. Vapor molecules that strike this cooled surface may stick to it and condense into liquid. 

In SSITKA (steady-state isotopic transient kinetic analysis) developed and actively applied by Happel, Biloen and Goodwin, it is common to consider the catalyst surface to be composed of a system of interconnected pools, also termed compartments, where each pool represents a homogeneous or well-mixed subsystem within the reaction pathway. 

Of the caseins, only K-casein is capable of exerting a stabilizing effect in systems vdiich contain calcium ions in appreciable quantities. This is the case in milk, where the other caseins are effectively rendered insoluble by their binding to calcium phosphate, and vdiere there are also appreciable pools of calcium ions. When the calcium is removed, all of the caseins act as surfactants, and can stabilize emulsions. Even in milk, the casein micelles can bind to and stabilize unprotected fat surfaces, as in homogenized milk. 

The scope of this contribution is the comparison of metals clusters and nuclei. These systems have much in common as their structure and dynamics are dominated by the behavior of fermion liquids, the protons and neutrons in nuclei and the dense electron cloud in clusters. This gives rise to shell effects and a corresponding deformation pattern as well as pronounced resonance excitations related to zero sound in homogeneous matter, the giant resonances in nuclei and the surface plasmon in clusters. The structural aspects have already been much discussed in the past and are well documented in several review articles, see e.g. [1, 2]. A prominent feature here was the appearance of supershells which are only accessible in metal clusters with their unlimited pool of system sizes [3] and which have a particularly transparent explanation in the framework of semiclassical... 

---