Homogeneous Impermeable

After the drying and modification stages, water is added, if required, to obtain the required moisture content for consolidation (i.e., just wet of the optimum moisture content [26.11]. The soil is then compacted to reduce the level of air voids to not more than 5 %. This ensures that the stabilisation reaction proceeds in the compacted state and results in a homogeneous, impermeable and stable layer. The stabilised layer has a low and acceptable shrink-swell potential, and improved compressive, tensile and flexural strengths. It also reduces the susceptibility of the stabilised layer to frost damage. 

Equations (3)-(5) are valid only for ideal, smooth, homogeneous, impermeable, and nondeformable surfaces. Because textile fibers do not have such ideal surfaces, their wetting phenomena are more complicated. In addition, the prediction of wetting phenomena (e.g., spreading) from wetting energetics is difficult because a direct method for determining ysv a term found in Eqs. (3), (4), and (6), is not available. It is more convenient to use the forces in balance at a three-phase (solid, liquid, vapor) boundary as an indication of wettability. 

Neal and Nader [260] considered diffusion in homogeneous isotropic medium composed of randomly placed impermeable spherical particles. They solved steady-state diffusion problems in a unit cell consisting of a spherical particle placed in a concentric shell and the exterior of the unit cell modeled as a homogeneous media characterized by one parameter, the porosity. By equating the fluxes in the unit cell and at the exterior and applying the definition of porosity, they obtained... 

This method was developed by Collaborative Research Inc. (F3). The technique, based on the use of immunoreactive liposomes, may be classified as another type of homogeneous immunoassay. The liposomes are microscopic vesicles (200-1000 nm in diameter) consisting of a relatively impermeable lipid bilayer that delineates and separates an internal aqueous compartment from the external aqueous medium. The principle is as follows (Fig. 3 and Table 6). An enzyme, alkaline phosphatase, is encapsulated in the liposomes [E] and sequestered from the substrate, p-nitrophenyl phos-... 

Applied substrates require homogeneous and planar surfaces. Planar supports allow accurate scanning and imaging, which rely on a uniform detection distance between the microarray surface and the optical device. Planar solid support materials tend to be impermeable to liquids, allowing for a small feature size and keeping the hybridization volume to a minimum. Flat substrates are amenable to automated manufacture, providing an accurate distance from photo masks, pins, ink-jet nozzles and other manufacturing implements. The flatness affords automation, an increased precision in manufacture, and detection and impermeability. Table 1 shows frequently used support materials... 

If the electrode material is assumed to be homogeneous, then the concentration gradient of lithium through the electrode is the only factor that drives lithium transport. Hence, lithium will enter/leave the planar electrode only at the electrode/ electrolyte interface, and cannot penetrate into the back of the electrode. Under such an impermeable (impenetrable) constraint, the electric current (I) can be expressed by Equation (5.18) during the initial stage of diffusion, and by Equation (5.19) during the later stage [45] ... 

The height of the domain is 60 m so that the coupled behaviors in the buffer are not influenced by the boundaries. The surrounding rock is assumed linear, elastic, isotropic and homogeneous and the buffer is assumed the mixture of sand and bentonite. Material properties of the rock and the buffer are shown in Table 1. The same properties as buffer are given to the backfill. The waste canister is assumed rigid and impermeable. 

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