Holmium magnetization

The holmium ions order antiferromagnetically in the HoRu2Ge2 compound at the Neel temperature T = 20K. This compound exhibits a square modulated structure with a propagation vector k = (0.2216, 0.0111, 0) and a holmium magnetic moment of 6.6 parallel to the c-axis (Yakinthos and Roudaut 1987). 

Pure holmium has a metallic to bright silver luster. It is relatively soft and malleable, and is stable in dry air at room temperature, but rapidly oxidizes in moist air and at elevated temperatures. The metal has unusual magnetic properties. Few uses have yet been found for the element. The element, as with other rare earths, seems to have a low acute toxic rating. 

Silver-colored, ductile metal that is attacked slowly by air and water. The element exhibits interesting magnetic properties. Found in television tubes. Laser material such as YAG (yttrium-aluminum garnet) doped with holmium (as well as chromium and thulium) can be applied in medicine, especially in sensitive eye operations. 

This procedure has been applied to other symmetries such as the well-known Preyssler anion [LnP5W30O110]12-, LnW30 (Figure 2.Id) [9]. This POM has a central coordination site with an unusual, fivefold axial symmetry. In spite of the low symmetry provided by this anion, we have observed that the dysprosium and holmium derivatives behave as SMMs, exhibiting slow relaxation of the magnetization. The remarkable difference between this system and the previous... 

Although stable at room temperatures, hohnium will corrode at higher temperatures and humidity. Its oxide coating is a yellowish film that reacts slowly with water and dissolves in weak acids. Holmium has one of the highest magnetic properties of any substance, but it has little commercial use. 

Currently, holmium metal does not have much commercial application. However, because of its unusual magnetic properties, it is being used in research studies to explore the magnetic and alloying behavior of metals. 

Holmium 67 Ho Electronic devices, catalysts, refractories, magnetic materials, magnetostrictive alloys... 

Figure 9.17 Plot of the in-phase and out-of-phase AC magnetic susceptibility for the complex [SmFe] at driving frequency of 199 Hz and 355 Hz [98]. (Reprinted with permission from B. Yan, and Z. Chen, Cyano-bridged aqua(A, Al-dimethylacetamide)(cyanoiron)lanthanides from samarium, gadolinium, or holmium nitrate and potassium hexacyanoferrate crystal structures and magnetochemistry, Helvetica Chimica Acta, 2001, 84, 817-829 (Figure 7). Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH Co. KGaA.)...

Ishikawa, N., Sugita, M., and Wemsdorfer, W. (2005) Nuclear spin driven quantum tunneling of magnetization in a new lanthanide single-molecule magnet bis(phthalocyaninato)holmium anion. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 127, 3650-3651. 

Another potential use for holmium is a result of its very unusual and strong magnetic properties. It has been used in alloys with other metals to produce some of the strongest magnetic fields ever produced. Holmium also has some limited use in the manufacture of control rods for nuclear power plants. Control rods limit the number of neutrons available to cause the fission of uranium in nuclear reactors, thus controlling the amount of energy produced in the plant. 

The name is from the Latin Holmia for the city of Stockholm, the region where the original minerals were found. The discovery of holmium was part of the complex yttria rare-earths research. A new element was suggested by Jacques-Louis Soret (1827-1890) in 1878 and was named by Per Theodor Cleve (1840-1905) in 1880 its oxide was isolated in 1886 by Lecoq de Boisbaudran. The pure metal was isolated in 1911 by 0. Holmberg. It is a rare element and does not occur in pure form in nature. The silvery metal has unusual magnetic properties but no current commercial uses. 

The lutetium hahdes (except the fluoride), together with the nitrates, perchlorates, and acetates, are soluble in water. The hydroxide oxide, carbonate, oxalate, and phosphate compotmds are insoluble. Lutetium compounds are all colorless in the solid state and in solution. Due to its closed electronic configuration (4f " ), lutetium has no absorption bands and does not emit radiation. For these reasons it does not have any magnetic or optical importance, see also Cerium Dysprosium Erbium Europium Gadolinium Holmium Lanthanum Neodymium Praseodymium Promethium Samarium Terbium Ytterbium. 

Holmium metal also shows complex magnetic ordering, and the line intensities in spectra of Er impurity atoms in a single crystal of holmium reflect... 

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