HIV-risk behaviours

Reduced opiate misuse Reduced crime and imprisonment Reduced HiV-risk behaviours (injecting) improved quality of life Reduced death rate... 

Improved physical and psychological health Reduced non-opiate misuse College, employment Reduced HIV-risk behaviours (sexual)... 

In the reviews cited in this chapter there is often some breakdown of findings into those relating to heroin use, criminality, HIV-risk behaviours, social rehabilitation and nonopiate abuse. We have noted that crime was one of the earliest indicators in methadone treatment, while the wider range of outcomes is formalized in drug misuse rating instruments such as the Opiate Treatment Index (Darke et al. 1992a). The main areas in which methadone treatment has been found to be of substantial benefit are indicated in Table 1.3. 

Marsch LA (1998). The efficacy of methadone maintenance interventions in reducing ilhcit opiate use, HIV risk behaviour and criminahty a meta-analysis. Addiction, 93, 515-32... 

Gibson DR, Flynn NM McCarthy JJ (1999). Effectiveness of methadone treatment in reducing FlIV risk behaviour and HIV seroconversion among injecting drug users. AIDS, 13, 1807-18... 

Although few reliable data concerning HIV, AIDS and hepatitis B and C are available in the CEECs, the prevalence of risk behaviours associated with intravenous drug use suggests that the danger of epidemics spreading remains high. 

Eonner, V. A. et al.. Voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) for changing HIV-related risk behaviour in developing countries, Cochrane Database Syst Rev Sep 12 9 CD001224, 2012. 

O Neill K, Baker A, Cooke M, et al Evaluation of a cognitive-behavioural intervention for pregnant injecting drug users at risk for HIV infection. Addiction 91 1115— 1125, 1996... 

Behaviours which increase the risk of acquiring or transmitting HIV, including various injecting and sexual practices Drugs which are illegal to obtain or use in a specific country Usually refers to preparations which are meant to be injected, e.g. methadone ampoules, although can refer to tablets, etc., which may be abused by injection... 

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