Historical Development of the Concept

Whether is a satisfactory orbital approximation of E, depends on the type of the molecule, on its state, and also on the nature of the problem. Hence there are no such things as the orbitals in a molecule, just as there are no uniquely defined charges of atoms in a molecule. There are many kinds of atomic charges (see below), and similarly, there are many different types of orbitals, appropriate for different 

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Lindsay, R. B., ed. (1975). Energy Historical Development of the Concept. Stroudsburg, PA Dowden, Hutchinson, Ross. 

Prompt NO mechanisms In dealing with the presentation of prompt NO mechanisms, much can be learned by considering the historical development of the concept of prompt NO. With the development of the Zeldovich mechanism, many investigators followed the concept that in premixed flame systems, NO would form only in the post-flame or burned gas zone. Thus, it was thought possible to experimentally determine thermal NO formation rates and, from these rates, to find the rate constant of Eq. (8.49) by measurement of the NO concentration profiles in the post-flame zone. Such measurements can be performed readily on flat flame burners. Of course, in order to make these determinations, it is necessary to know the O atom concentrations. Since hydrocarbon-air flames were always considered, the nitrogen concentration was always in large excess. As discussed in the preceding subsection, the O atom concentration was taken as the equilibrium concentration at the flame temperature and all other reactions were assumed very fast compared to the Zeldovich mechanism. 

Lader M (1993). Historical development of the concept of tranquillizer dependence. In Hall-strom C (ed.) Benzodiazepine Dependence. Oxford Oxford Medical Publications, pp. 46-57 Lader M Morton S (1991). Benzodiazepine problems. British Journal of Addiction, 86, 823-8... 

Prompt NO mechanisms In dealing with the presentation of prompt NO mechanisms, much can be learned by considering the historical development of the concept of prompt NO. With the development of the Zeldovich mechanism, many investigators followed the concept that in premixed flame systems, NO would form only in the post-flame or burned-gas zone. Thus, it was thought possible to experimentally determine thermal NO formation rates and, from these rates, to... 

Volume 1, Energy Historical Development of the Concept, by R. Brace Lindsay. 

In the historical development of the concept of electrified interphase, the modeling preceded the strict thermodynamic description and thus for a long period, only the double-layer model served as a unique... 

R.B. Lindsay Energy historical development of the concept Dowden, Stroudburg 1975... 

This chapter has given reasons and examples for the detailed and comparative analysis of both historical developments of basic concepts and ideas in science and... 

The following undergraduate texts discuss the historical development of quantum concepts and introduce the elements of quantum mechanics. 

Mierzecki, Roman. The historical development of chemical concepts. Dordrecht, Boston, London Warsaw Kluwer Academic Publishers Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe-Polish Scientific Publishers, 1991. 

This chapter will overview the historical development of the Fukui function concept from its origins in the work of Parr and Yang [1] to the present day. The recent review by Levy and one of the present authors provides a more mathematical perspective on the Fukui function [5]. 

Although the concept of pharmacophores constituting a simple representation of molecules and chemical groups in certain order was introduced nearly a century ago [1], there has been increasing interest and focus on pharmacophores in recent years following the advances in computational chemistry research. The historical development of the pharmacophore concept has recently been reviewed [2],... 

R. Mierzecki, The Historical Development of Chemical Concepts, Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1991. 

For many years, the carbohydrate esters of carbonic acid and thiocar-bonic acid have found important application as intermediates in the synthesis of otherwise difficultly accessible derivatives. A review of these esters is particularly opportune, because both their preparation and properties are considerably influenced by stereochemical factors which require interpretation in the light of modem concepts of reaction mechanisms and conformational analysis. Although the historical development of the chemistry of the carbonic and thiocarbonic esters of carbohydrates has been independent, it is appropriate to give a comparative treatment of their closely related structures and properties. 

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