Histone exchange

Woodcock CL, Skoultchi AI, Fan Y (2006) Role of linker histone in chromatin structure and function HI stoichiometry and nucleosome repeat length. Chromosome Res 14 17-25 Wu WH, Alami S, Luk E, Wu CH, Sen S, Mizuguchi G, Wei D, Wu C (2005) Swc2 is a widely conserved H2AZ-binding module essential for ATP-dependent histone exchange. Nat Struct Mol Biol 12 1064-1071... 

Figure 1. Different histone chaperones in the key histone metabolic pathways Functions of histone chaperones range from the storage of newly synthesized histones in the cytoplasm, its transfer into the nucleus and in histone assembly into nucleosomes. Apart from diis die histone chaperones are also involved in histone exchange, maintenance of heterochromatin and in the regulation of chromatin structure during transcription. (See Colour Plate 10.)...

Jin, Y.J. and Cole, R.D. (1986) HI histone exchange is limited to particular regions of chromatin that differ in aggregation properties. J. Biol. Chem. 261, 3420-3427. 

This protamine-histone exchange could provide a window of opportunity for maternally derived transcription factors to gain access to their c -cognate... 

Shortly after pronucleus formation and entry into S phase, transcription initiates in both pronuclei of the one-cell embryo (Figure 6). The male pronucleus supports higher levels of transcription than the female pronucleus, and this difference is attributed to their differences in chromatin structure that reflects their different histories (e.g., the protamine-histone exchange that occurs in the male pronucleus affords an opportunity for the sequestration of maternal transcription factors that is not available to the female pronucleus whose DNA is already packaged into chromatin). The first... 

In this connection, it must also be borne in mind that the deoxyribonucleic acids subjected to analysis have probably not been homogeneous. Deoxyribonucleic acids have been fractionated by making use of their different solubilities in normal saline,186 by extracting thymus nucleo-his-tone with sodium chloride solutions of increasing concentration,187 by ion-exchange,187 and also by adsorption of the polynucleotide onto histone immobilized on a kieselguhr support.123 It is possible, however, that these are artefacts, since it has been shown that deoxyribonucleic acid fractions extracted from calf-thymus nucleohistone may or may not vary in composition according to the previous treatment of the material.188... 

HISTONE VARIANTS AND COMPLEXES INVOLVED IN THEIR EXCHANGE... 

Histone Variants and Complexes Involved in Their Exchange... 

Figure 1. Variants of the histones H3 from yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae S.c.), fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster D.m), and human Homo sapiens H.s.). H3.1 is identical to H3.2 with the exception of a serine to cysteine exchange (top). H3.3 differs from H3.1/H3.2 only in four amino acid positions. Centromer-specific histones (CenH3 s) have an amino terminus of variable length (between 20 and 200 residues). They also possess an extended loop 1 region in the histone fold domain...

Ellegren H (2002) Dosage compensation do birds do it as well Trends Genet 18 25—28 Farris SD, Rubio ED, Moon JJ, Gombert WM, Nelson BH, Krumm A (2005) Transcription-induced chromatin remodeling at the c-myc gene involves die local exchange of histone H2A.Z. J Biol Chem... 

Jin J, Cai Y, Li B, Conaway RC, Workman JL, Conaway JW, Kusch T (2005) In and out histone variant exchange in chromatin. Trends Biochem Sci 30 680-687 Khochbin S (2001) Histone HI diversity bridging regulatory signals to linker histone function. Gene 271 1-12... 

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