Highly susceptible individuals

Noraial human Ig Normal human Ig is an antibody rich fraction and used to prevent measles in highly susceptible individuals and also provide protection against hepatitis A B, mumps, poliomyelitis and chicken pox. 

Toluene, volatile nitrites, and anesthetics, like other substances of abuse such as cocaine, nicotine, and heroin, are characterized by rapid absorption, rapid entry into the brain, high bioavailability, a short half-life, and a rapid rate of metabolism and clearance (Gerasimov et al. 2002 Pontieri et al. 1996, 1998). Because these pharmacokinetic parameters are associated with the ability of addictive substances to induce positive reinforcing effects, it appears that the pharmacokinetic features of inhalants contribute to their high abuse liability among susceptible individuals. 

Although it is an optimized model, the end point of cardiac sensitization is relevant as humans exposed at high concentrations of some halocarbons may develop cardiac arrhythmias. The concentration of 80,000 ppm along with intravenous epinephrine, which induced a marked cardiac response in the dog, was used as the basis for the AEGL-3 values. Because the dog heart is considered an appropriate model for the human heart, an interspecies UF of 1 was applied. Because the cardiac sensitization test is a conservative test, the 80,000 ppm concentration was adjusted by an intraspecies UF of 3 to protect potentially susceptible individuals. Blood concentrations were close to equi... 

The AEGL-2 was based on the threshold for cardiac sensitization using the dog model. Because this test is highly sensitive as the response to exogenous epinephrine is optimized, the 40,000 ppm concentration was adjusted by a single intraspecies UF of 3 to protect potentially susceptible individuals. An interspecies UF was not applied, because the dog is a reliable model for humans, and this is a highly sensitive test. Blood concentrations rapidly reach equilibrium, and the blood concentration determines the effect, so the 13,000 ppm value was used across all time periods. 

The placebo effect manifests itself in many ways, revealing that a host of bodily reactions can be influenced by mental attitude and by what an individual believes should happen. One widely noted Japanese study reported monumental effects on the allergic reactions of thirteen volunteers who were highly susceptible to poison ivy. An investigator rubbed one arm of each volunteer with a harmless green leaf, which he identified as poison ivy. He touched the volunteer s other arm with an authentic leaf of poison ivy, which he said was harmless. Despite the subjects known susceptibility, only two of them showed an allergic reaction to the really poisonous leaf. All thirteen subjects, however, developed a rash where they had been rubbed with the misidentified leaf that was actually harmless. 

Some individuals are highly susceptible, while others are highly resistant, and the symptoms vary from case to case.22,23 As with air sickness24 there is up to now no way of telling in advance who will be resistant and who will be susceptible. 

On the basis of the concepts which we have developed, it appears most probable that, for various and diverse structural and biochemical reasons, the needs for vitamin D vary greatly from individual to individual. Children who are nonsusceptible to rickets require small amounts susceptible children require many times more children afflicted with vitamin D-resistant rickets require for a time, at least, extremely high doses. There are probably no sharp dividing lines between normals, susceptible individuals, and cases of vitamin D-resistant rickets. The susceptible individuals may make up an appreciable percentage of the population, for Park has found in postmortems on 230 children that about 46.5 per cent of children between 2 and 14 years have histological signs of rickets.41... 

---