High-purity water production

The water source of most high-purity water plants is city water or municipal water, which has undergone pre-treatment. The raw water source may be ground water or surface water with TDS in the range of200—1000 mg/1. Municipal treated wastewater TDS is typically 100-300 mg/1. Feed water pre-treatment for high-purity water plants, therefore, is minimal unless brackish water is used as raw feed water. 

Power plants require high-purity make-up water for producing steam to drive turbines and generate electricity. In thermoelectric power plants steam is generated at a pressure of 40-200 bar g with the power generation efficiency increasing with steam temperature and pressure. 

Ultrapure water is used in the microelectronics industry for appHcations such as rinsing and washing wafer surfaces between chemical etching steps and immersion 

Filtered city water = Carbonftlter IX softener Double-pass RO 185 nm UV 

Series MC Primary MBIX = DI water tank = 1.0 fimfilter 185 nm UV Polishing MBIX 

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Parekh, B. S. (1988). Reverse Osmosis Technology—Application for High-Purity Water Production. Dekker, New York. 

Reverse Osmosis Technology Applications for High-Purity-Water Production, edited by Bipin S. Parekh... 

Pateklt. B.S. Reverse Osmosis Technology Applications of High-Purity-Water Production, Marcel Dekker, Inc.. New York. NY, 1988 Raulenbacli. R., and R. Albieclit Membrane Processes, John Wiley Sons, Inc., New York. NY, 1989... 

More recently, ozone has been found to be particularly suitable as a sterilant in bottled water and ultra-high purity water production. 

G.A. Pittner, High Purity Water Production Using Reverse Osmosis Technology, in Reverse Osmosis, Z. Amjad (ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York (1993). 

Ganzi, G.C. (1988) Electrodeionization for high purity water production, in New Membrane Materials and Processes for Separation, 84 (eds K.K. Sirkar and... 

Sodium methoxide production Methanesulfonic acid production High-purity water production... 

Ridgway, H.F., Microbial adhesion and biofouling of reverse osmosis membranes. In Reverse Osmosis Technology, Applications for High Purity Water Production, Pakekh, B.S. and Dekker, M., Eds., Marcel Dekker, New York, 1988, p. 429. 

Powder and Bulk Solids Handling Processes Instrumentation and Control, Koichi linoya, Hiroaki Masuda, and Kinnosuke Watanabe Reverse Osmosis Technology Applications for High-Purity-Water Production, edited by Bipin S. Parekh... 

Packaging of membranes in suitable element or modules that began in the 1960s resulted in several membrane modules by the 1980s spiral-wound modules with CA and TFC polyamide membranes, PA and CTA hoUow-fibre membranes, and UF polysulphone hoUow-fibre membranes. These membranes and modules found their own niches in the marketplace in the 1980s broadly speaking, CA spiral-wound membranes for industrial and municipal water treatment, TFC spiral-wound RO membranes for water desalination and high-purity water production, hoUow-fibre RO membranes for seawater desalination, and hoUow-fibre UF and MF membranes for industrial... 

Case study I. Secondary treatment effluent from a sewage plant is processed by an integrated membrane system to supply reclaimed water for high-purity water production at a wafer manufacturing facihty in Singapore [89]. Effluent from an activated sludge... 

B. Vishwanath, K. Kekre, G.H. Tao, Reclaimed water an alternate source for high-purity water production in the semiconductor industry, Ultrapure Water 20 (5) (2003) 41—46. 

Now we want to look at the composition of the product streams leaving the column to see if they satisfy their desired purities. We assume that the specification of the purity in the distillate is very high at 99.9999 mol% IPA to satisfy the stringent purity requirement in the semiconductor industry. The specification of the bottoms product is to let the mole fraction ratio of IPA to the sum of IPA and water be 0.001 so that high-purity water product can be obtained in the downstream entrainer recovery column. To look at the properties of these streams, we open the Cl block in the Data Browser window and click the item Custom Stream Results, which is at the very bottom of the list. 

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