High performance liquid parallel processing

The quality control of immunoglobulins includes potency tests and conventional tests for safety and sterility. The potency tests consist of toxin or virus neutralization tests that parallel those used for the potency assay of immune sera, except that for in-process control of some immunoglobulins wider use is made of in vitro assays. In addition to the safety and sterility tests, total protein is determined by nitrogen estimations, the protein composition by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and molecular size by high performance liquid chromatography. The presence of immunoglobulins derived from species other than humans is excluded by precipitin tests. Table 23.4... 

The ratio of the ionic liquid to the organic phase present in the reactor also plays an important role. A too high level of ionic liquid results in much longer decantation time and causes lower dimer selectivity. To combine efficient decantation and a reasonable size for the settler in the process design, it has been proposed that the separation of the two phases be performed in two distinct settling zones arranged in parallel [38]. 

Direct electrical control of surface tension can be used for rapid actuation of discrete liquid droplets. The droplets can be transferred at high rates under low voltage offering advantages over continuous-flow processes. No pumps and valves are required, and these systems can be flexible, efficient, and capable of performing complex and parallel microfluidic processing. 

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