Cellulose biomedical applications

Biomedical applications cellulose esters, 5 407-408 for ethylene oxide polymers, 10 686-688 for high performance fibers,... 

Recently, our laboratory produced a foldable, bendable, and cutable postage-stamp-sized battery (Fig. 12.2). The device looks like a simple sheet of black paper, but it could spell a revolution in implantable battery technology (Pushparaj et al., 2007). The paper battery, a one-piece-integrated device is made of cellulose with CNT and lithium electrodes. The device is flexible, rechargeable, and has the ability to function over a wide range of temperatures giving it a wide variety of potential biomedical applications. As a biomaterial, this paper battery may be useful as a pacemaker because it could easily be inserted under a patient s skin. 

It is suspected that more cellulose derivatives will be produced in solution or homogeneous systems. The success of this system has to depend heavily on nonpolluting, solvent-recyclable processes. An area of future expansion of research and development should be in the area of biomedical applications of cellulose derivatives. 

Czaja WK et al (2007) The future prospects of microbial cellulose in biomedical applications. Biomacromolecules 8(1) 1-12... 

Hyaluronic acid is a linear polysaccharide formed from disaccharide units containing N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and glucuronic acid. Since it is present in almost all biological fluids and tissues, hyaluronic acid-based materials are very useful in biomedical applications. After cellulose, chitin is the second most abundant natural polysaccharide resource on earth. Chitin and its de-acetylated derivative chitosan are natural polymers composed of N-acetylglucosamine and glucosamine. Both chitin and chitosan have excellent properties such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, non-toxicity, hemostatic activity and antimicrobial activity. Chitin and its derivatives are widely used in various fields of medicine. 

Furthermore, composite films of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)/Ppy and NFC/ PPy-silver NP are a suitable candidate for use in biomedical applications. Due to the electrical conductivity and strong antimicrobial activity of these silver composites, they can be used in various applications, in particular, biomedical treatments and diagnostics. 

Surface wettability trends and the blood component adhesion of some cellulose acetate phthalate/hydroxypropyl cellulose blend films have been analysed in order to allow their adaption to biomedical applications. It is important to ascertain the antimicrobial activity of the studied blends in order to develop new applications in the biomedical field. 

Synthesis of regenerated bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide nanocomposite films for biomedical applications, 21,433-447. 

Preparation and characterization of a Bacterial cellulose/Chitosan composite for potential biomedical application, 18,... 

Millon, L. E., and Wan, W. K. (2006). The potyvinyl alcohol-bacterial cellulose system as a new nanocomposite for biomedical applications, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. BAppI. Biomater, 79,45-253. 

Cellulose esters have been put to use in many biomedical applications. Hemodialysis membranes used in purification of blood, for patients with renal failure have employed... 

K. Pal, A. Banthia, D. Majumdar, Development of carboxymethyl cellulose acrylate for various biomedical applications, Biomed. Mater. 1 (2) (2006) 85. 

Torres, F.G., Grande, C.J., Troncoso, O.P., Gomez, C.M., Lopez, D. Bacterial cellulose nanocomposites for biomedical applications In Kumar, S.A., Thiagarajan, S., Wang, F. (eds.) Biocompatible Nanomaterials Synthesis, Characterization and Application in Analytical Chemistry. Nova Science Publishers, USA (2010)... 

Bacterial cellulose has a wide range of potential biomedical applications such as tissue engineered cartilage scaffolds [142, 143] wound dressing [144—148]... 

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