High density lipoproteins immunology

High density lipoprotein (HDL) and other lipoprotein can bind endotoxin, thereby attenuating the immunologic response, a property thought to be related to the phospholipid content (Feingold et al., 1995 Harris et al., 1990 Levine et al., 1993 Wu et al., 2004). 

Alaupovic P (1984) The physiochemical and immunological heterogeneity of human plasma high-density lipoproteins. In Miller NE, Muller GJ (eds) Clinical and metabohc aspects of high-density lipoproteins. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 1-45... 

Aldehyde-protein adducts and hydroxyl radicals also stimulate immunological responses directed against the specific modifications of proteins. High antibody titres have been observed from patients with severe alcoholic liver disease, particularly IgA and IgG autoantibodies. Such antibodies have considerable specificity towards aldehyde-lysine residues. Alcohol consumption markedly increases the hepatic output of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), but decreases the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels and apolipoprotein B. Ethylation of apo-B-lysine renders LDL immunogenic and accelerates its clearance. Alcoholics have been shown to develop acetaldehyde adducts in apo-B-containing lipoproteins, particularly VLDL. 

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