Heterotopic Bone Formation

Fig. 5 Effect of transforming growth factor-/ (hTGF-/9) isoforms on key parameters of heterotopic bone formation by induction on day 30 and 90.

Eidil M et al (2012) Heterotopic bone formation following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with BPTB autograft. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc 46(l) 72-76... 

Muscle tears can be followed by cystic transformation of the hematoma consisting of an ovoid fluid-filled anechoic cavity with well-defined margins located within the muscle (Fig. 13.28). A significant complication of vastus intermedius tears secondary to direct contusion trauma is myositis ossificans circumscripta, which is also referred to as heterotopic bone formation. This self-limiting condition starts with undefined chronic pain in the middle thigh... 

Etidronate is a bisphosphonate that inhibits normal and abnormal bone resorption and reduces bone formation. It is indicated in the treatment of symptomatic Paget s disease prevention and treatment of heterotopic ossification following total hip replacement or caused by spinal cord injury. 

Lieberman JR, Le LQ, Wu L, Finerman GAM, Berk A, Witte ON, Stevenson S. Regional Gene Therapy with a BMP-2-producing murine stromal cell line induces heterotopic and orthotopic bone formation in rodents. ] Orthop Res. 1998 16 330-339. 

In addition to the inflammatory response observed in periprosthetic tissues, other morphologic changes can take place in tissue and bone surrounding the implant. These changes include tissue fibrosis, necrosis, fibrocartilage formation, heterotopic ossification, and last, but certainly not least, osteolysis of the surrounding bone (Figure 23.6). 

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