Heteropolymer

From tire above equation it follows tliat in tire mean-field limit replica symmetry is not broken. This makes tire GLO model conceptually simpler to interirret tlian tire random bond heteropolymer model discussed in tire appendix. 

In section C2.5.2 we considered a variational-type theory to treat the thennodynamics of the random hydrophobic-hydrophilic heteropolymer. Here we describe a limiting behaviour of the random bond model [30]. 

The random-bond heteropolymer is described by a Hamiltonian similar to (C2.5.A3) except that the short-range two-body tenn v.j is taken to be random with a Gaussian distribution. In this case a tliree-body tenn with a positive value of cu is needed to describe the collapsed phase. The Hamiltonian is... 

J.D. Bryngelson, When is a potential accurate enough for structure prediction Theory and application to a random heteropolymer model of protein folding, J. Ghem. Phys. 100 (1994), 6038-6045. 

Figure 1 (a) Schematic energy landscape for a random unfoldable heteropolymer. The roughness... 

Representing a heteropolymer, the model tries to capture tliree contributions to the overall energy E of each conformation the self-energy e of each amino acid, a bond energy tenn Ji i+i between two neighboring residues, and a nonbonded Ki j interaction... 

Borisov, S. N., Boronkov, M. G., Lukevitz, E. Ya. Organosilicon Heteropolymers and Heterocompounds, Plenum Press, New York 1970... 

Sequence-specific heteropolymers, as a class of synthetic molecules, are unique in that they must be made by chemical steps that add one monomer unit at a time. Moreover, to create truly protein-like structures, which typically have chain lengths of at least 100 monomers and a diverse set of 20 side chains (or more), extremely efficient and rapid coupHngs under general reaction conditions are necessary. For these reasons, soHd-phase synthesis is typically used, so that excess reagents can be used to drive reactions to completion, and subsequent reaction work-ups are quite rapid. 

The first of them occurs in thermodynamic theory of solutions and blends of heteropolymers [3] whereas the second one is the gf of the weight SCD /w(l). it can readily be determined from the simple expression ... 

Kuchanov SI, Panyukov SV (1996) Statistical thermodynamics of heteropolymers and their blends. In Allen G (ed) Comprehensive polymer science, 2nd suppl. Pergamon Press, New York, chap 13... 

The crystallization of horse spleen apoferritin was in fact a fortuitous coincidence, because, as we mentioned earlier, attempts to crystallize horse-liver ferritin were not successful, whereas the iron-rich ferritin from horse spleen could be crystallized (Laufberger, 1937). This was certainly related to the relatively high content of H subunits (average composition L12H12) in horse liver (something that was only discovered 50 years later). It has generally proved very difficult if not impossible to crystallize heteropolymers, and the best results in crystallographic terms have been obtained with recombinant homopolymers. As will be discussed later in this chapter,... 

Siepmann, J.I. Sprik, M., Folding of model heteropolymers by configurational-bias Monte Carlo, Chem. Phy. Lett. 1992,199, 220... 

Wang, Y. U. Chen, H. N. Liang, H. J., Monte Carlo simulation on thermodynamic properties of a heteropolymer chain, J. Chem. Phys. 2001,115, 3951-3956... 

Figure 2.12 Section of an (-ABC—)n magnetic heteropolymer, or periodic array of spin qubits of three different types. Note than while both B sites are chemically equivalent.

Abstract A brief introduction into the principles of the statistical description of the chemical structure of linear heteropolymers is given. A comprehensive analysis of dif-... 

The prime objective of this concise review is to provide an illustration of the interaction of these two disciplines using particular examples. In choosing the examples, we seek to demonstrate the potentialities of the conformation-dependent design of the sequences of monomeric units in heteropolymer macromolecules. Under such a design, their chemical structure is controlled not only by the kinetic parameters of a reaction system but also by the conformational statistics of polymer chains. 

Statistical Description of the Chemical Structure of Linear Heteropolymers... 

Examples considered in this paper deal with binary heteropolymers prepared by the method of chemical modification of homopolymers and by the free-radical copolymerization of a mixture of two monomers, Mi and M2. The products of each of these processes is a mixture of an enormous... 

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