Systems, heterogeneous, equilibrium displacements

In alcohols, water is found to be partially displaced, and it is possible to have the water/salt ratio in a saturated solution considerably less than that in the hydrated solid in equilibrium with it (4> 10). As with pyridine, an alcohol in a heterogeneous system will sometimes displace water well enough to make the difference between extraction and nonextraction of a metal-ion value (29). Another way in which the differences between strong water-competitors such as alcohol and weaker competitors such as the ketones and ethers are manifested is when liquid such as CC14, with no solvent power of its own for the salt, is mixed with the oxygenated solvent. With thorium nitrate as the test salt, it is seen (Fig. 2) that, whereas addition... 

Equilibrium Displacements in Heterogeneous Systems Passage of a Component from one Phase to another. 

This book is the first volume of a Treatise on Thermodynamics based on the methods of Gibbs and De Donder. It deals with the following topics fundamental theorems, homogeneous systems, heterogeneous systems, stability and moderation, equilibrium displacements and equilibrium transformations, solutions, azeotropy, and indifferent states. The second volume deals with surface tension and adsorption while the third and last will be concerned with irreversible phenomena. 

The model equations (11.6-2) to (11.6-4) are validated with the experimental data of binary and ternary systems of ethane, propane and n-butane onto activated carbon. All the necessary equilibrium and kinetic parameters are obtained from the single component fitting as done in the last section. In this sense the multicomponent model is the predicting tool, and it has been shown in Do (1997) that this multicomponent heterogeneous model is a good predictive model. It is capable of predicting well simultaneous adsorption, simultaneous desorption and displacement. Readers are referred to a review paper by Do (1997) for further details. 

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