Heterogeneity morphological, electrical

The morphological, electrical, and mechanical effects of etched poly-Si structures have been extensively investigated by Stoldt and coworkers (Miller et al. 2005, 2007, 2008 Becker et al. 2010a, b, 2011). Micromachined //-type polysilicon in contact with a Au layer demonstrated heterogeneous cracking or porosity across the poly-Si surface as a result of etching. This resulted in greatly increased electrical resistance and decreased the characteristic frequency of mechanical resonators. 

Bimetallic nanoparticles are of wide interest since they lead to many interesting size-dependent electrical, chemical, and optical properties [1]. They are particularly important in the field of catalysis since they often exhibit better catalytic properties than their monometallic counterparts [2-6]. Gold is very useful as an alloying metal and it has been used in conjunction with metals such as palladium [1,3,4,7-11] and platinum [6,10,11,20-24] for various catalytic reactions. The structure of bimetallic combinations depends mainly on the preparation conditions and the miscibility of the two components. Among the bimetallics, Au-Pd is one of the combinations that has been extensively studied in terms of preparation, stabilisation, and catalytic activity. Particularly, the use of preformed metallic sol as precursor of heterogeneous catalysts apparently shows the more tuneable method for preparing bimetallic particle. Turkevich and Kim have studied the morphology of Au-Pd bimetallic particles, prepared... 

Solid, molecular, and surface chemistry have much in common they share most types of bonding and the driving forces are the thermodynamic potentials. Heterogeneous reactions differ from homogeneous processes in kinetics, in the morphology-dependence of the reaction rates, and in the possibility of electrical control. 

Cardiomyopathies include a heterogeneous group of myocardial diseases associated with mechanical and/or electrical dysfunction. They usually exhibit inappropriate ventricular hypertrophy or dilatation and can be further classified into dilated, hypertrophic, restrictive, and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy according to morphological and functional criteria (Thiene et al. 2008). 

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