Herbivores, defense against, polyphenol

T uomi J, Niemela P, Chapin FS, Bryant JP, Siren S (1988) Defensive responses of trees in relation to their carbon/nutrient balance. In Mattson JB (ed) Mechanisms of woody plant defense against insects search for patterns. Springer, New York, pp 57-72 Van Alstyne KL (1988) Herbivore grazing increases polyphenolic defenses in the intertidal brown alga Fucus distichus. Ecology 69 655-663... 

Geiselman, J.A. and McConnell, O.J., Polyphenols in brown algae Fucus vesiculosus and Ascophyllum nodosum chemical defenses against the marine herbivorous snail, Littorina littorea, J. Chem. Ecol., 7, 1115, 1981. 

Proteln-conq>lexlng polyphenols are broadly effective against herbivores, especially those not specifically adapted to eat plants containing polyphenols (47). They may constitute 10% or more of the leaf dry weight (12, 37, 44), and this requires allocation of significant amounts of carbon and energy to their construction. The use of limited reserves for such quantitative defenses must be balanced against the requirements of rapid canopy development and new shoot extension. 

CONSTABEL, C.P., BERGEY, D.R., RYAN, C.A., Polyphenol oxidase as a component of the inducible defense response of tomato against herbivores, in Phytochemical Diversity and Redundancy in Ecological Interactions (J.T. Romeo, J.A. Saunders, P. Barbosa, eds.). Plenum Press, New York. 1996, pp. 231-252... 

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