Herbicides characteristics

K Tachibana (1987) Herbicidal characteristics of bialphos, in Pesticide Science and Biotechnology, R Greenhalgh T.R. Roberts (Eds) pp 145-148... 

One possibility may be to have the profit function as a point of departure. This function relates prices of inputs and outputs to maximum profits (see, for example, Varian, 1992, pp. 40-5). This would suggest that an empirical version of v can be defined in terms of the maize price, the implicit prices (shadow prices) of herbicide characteristics, i.e. the derivatives of the hedonic price function with respect to each characteristic, and other input prices. In other words, the basis for the empirical version of v would be ... 

To summarise an increase in restrictions (as measured by RESTR) seems to be related to a reduction in market prices. Atrazine was, before the introduction of restrictions, a low price treatment alternative. When the positive correlation between INTRO and ACTION is taken into account, the results indicate that new treatment alternatives have a relatively high market price. This may reflect patent status. The attempt to account for market leaders by LEADE RS gave no clear results at all. Finally, it should be emphasised that when these explicit supply variables are included in the analysis, the other herbicide characteristics (RELIA, PERSI, ACTION and TOX) may still be determinants for both demand and supply decisions. 

The lens is an avascular transparent tissue surrounded by an elastic, collagenous capsule. Disturbances in the normal metabolism of the lens and rupture of the lens alter its optical characteristics, and may cause cataract, i.e., reduced transparency of the lens. For example exposure to a herbicide, 2,4-dichlorophenol, may cause cataract. 

Pyridine is a polar, stable, relatively unreactive liquid (bp 115°C) with a characteristic strong penetrating odor that is unpleasant to most people. It is miscible with both water and organic solvents. Pyridine was first isolated, like pyrrole, from bone pyrolysates. Its name is derived from the Greek for fire (pyr) and the suffix idine used to designate aromatic bases. Pyridine is used as a solvent, in addition to many other uses including products such as pharmaceuticals, vitamins, food flavorings, paints, dyes, rubber products, adhesives, insecticides, and herbicides. Pyridine can also be formed from the breakdown of many natural materials in the environment. 

Restricted access phases are another approach to exploiting the differences in characteristics of analytes. Large analytes are excluded from an internal surface on which an adsorptive stationary phase is present. A herbicide analysis for Metsulfuron methyl, Bentazone, Bromoxynil, methylchlorophenoxy acid, and Mecoprop in the presence of humic acid was performed on restricted access reversed phase media.52 The cytostatic compound epirubicin and its metabolites were separated from plasma using a Pinkerton GFF II column.53 Gradient separations of polymers on reversed phase and on normal phase represent an alternative to gel permeation chromatography. Polyesters of noncrystalline materials were separated on a variety of such phases.54... 

M. Franek, A. Deng, and V. Kolar, Performance characteristics for flow injection immunoassay using monoclonal antibodies against s-triazine and 2,4-D herbicides. Anal. Chim. Acta 412,19-27 (2000). 

Acrolein was the most toxic of 15 herbicides tested for toxicity to fish (USEPA 1980). Responses by rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) surviving 77 pg acrolein/L, a concentration that killed 50% in about 21 h, were characteristic of respiratory irritants (McKim et al. 1987). These responses included a steady increase in cough rate decreases in ventilation rate, oxygen utilization, and heart... 

Environmental health advisories, for herbicides, 13 316-318t Environmental, health, and safety (EHS) practices, integrated, 24 177 Environmental impact assessment (EIA), 10 228-248. See also EIA entries activities in, 10 234-237 broadening and reorienting, 10 245—246 characteristics of, 10 229-230 collaborative processes in, 10 246 defined, 10 229... 

Downer et al. [212] reported comparable sensitivity with electron capture gas chromatography and specific ion monitoring of characteristic ions of residues of these compounds in soils. For both herbicides, the detection limit was reported to be 50pg, but less clean-up was required for specific ion monitoring than for electron capture gas chromatography. 

As a result of their sorption and degradation characteristics, pesticides tend to be retained and eliminated within the soil horizon. These processes are well illustrated by some British field data [36] relating to the fate of a winter application of two pesticides of contrasting properties, the nematocide Aldoxycarb and the herbicide Fluometruron, in relation to a... 

Pre-plant incorporated herbicides are applied before the crop is sown and are incorporated into the soil. Hence, they are also applied before weeds emerge. The reason for incorporation is usually because the herbicides are volatile and would be lost if they were not incorporated, or light unstable and they would be degraded if they remained on the soil surface. Volatility is a useful characteristic as it allows the redistribution of the compound throughout the soil following incorporation. 

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