1-Heptene catalysts, palladium complexes

A palladium complex with cyclodextrin modified with propionitrile and benzoylnitrile groups 73-74 was active in Wacker oxidation of higher 1-alkenes (Experiment 11-4, Section 11.7), and its activity was much higher than the activity of a catalj ic system prepared as a mixture of cyclodextrin and the palladium complex owing to the cooperative substrate binding and to the increase in the stability constant of the catalyst-substrate complex. As in hydroformylation, the catalyst was more active in the reaction with an aromatic substrate, styrene, than with linear alkenes [59,210-211], The catalyst activity depended on the 1-alkene chain length and was maximum for 1-heptene. 

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