Hemolytic streptococcus infections

Mice are utilized for testing antiseptics for appHcation to cuts, wounds, and incisions (339). The test bacteria, type 1 pneumococcus and hemolytic streptococcus, ate appHed to the taHs of anaesthetized mice. The tip of the taH is then dipped into the antiseptic for 2 min, after which one-half inch of the taH is removed and inserted into the peritoneal cavity and the incision is closed. If after 10 days the animals survive, the product is considered satisfactory for use as a skin antiseptic. The blood of dead animals is sampled and streaked on blood agar for confirmation of infection from the test bacteria as the cause of death. Since lack of toxicity is another requirement of a product to be appHed to wounds, this test has been combined with a toxicity test (340). 

Pharyngitis is an acute infection of the oropharynx or nasopharynx that results in 1% to 2% of all outpatient visits. While viral causes are most common, Group A /J-hemolytic Streptococcus, or Streptococcus pyogenes, is the primary bacterial cause. 

Pharyngitis is an acute infection of the oropharynx or nasopharynx. It results in 1% to 2% of all outpatient visits. While viral causes are most common, group A /3 -hemolytic Streptococcus, or S. pyogenes, is the primary bacterial cause and is the focus of this section. In the pediatric population, group A Streptococcus, or strep throat, causes 15% to 30% of cases of pharyngitis. In adults, it is the cause of 5% to 15% of all symptomatic episodes of pharyngitis. ... 

Streptococcal infections caused by Streptococcus sp. including group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus and S. pneumoniae however, such infections are ordinarily treated with more narrow-spectrum penicillins... 

Still, J. G. (1995). Management of pediatric patients with group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus pharyngitis Treatment options. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 14, S57-61. 

Common Sites of Invasion Staph aureus Staph epidermidis inhabit most people s skin and are likely to infect wounds, surgical sites and indwelling catheters (causing infective endocarditis). Strep pneumoniae is often the cause of community-acquired pneumonia and adult bacterial meningitis. "Strep throat" is an infection caused by Group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus. If untreated, it may elicit an immunologic reaction in the heart, joints and other tissues, known as rheumatic fever. 

Rh antigen An antigen found on some red blood cells, discovered in the cells of rhesus monkeys. Rheumatic fever. A multisystem disorder following infection by ji-hemolytic Streptococcus pyogenes that can cause heart damage. 

The most common staphylococcal and/or streptococcal infections result from cuts, abrasions, burns and/or puncture wounds. P-Hemolytic Streptococcus of group A, Staphylococcus aureus or both are the usual bacteria cultured from lesions (Barnham and Neilson 1987). Some occupations are at particular risk butchers, meat packers, fish handlers, slaughtermen, etc. The most common clinical picture is impetigo characterised by erythematous patches covered by a yellowish crust. A variant is ecthyma, mainly observed in tropical countries it consists of a slow and gradually deepening ulceration surmounted by a thick crust. After healing, there is a permanent scar. 

Rheumatic Fever A multisystem disorder following infection by /5-hemolytic Streptococcus pyogenes that can cause heart damage. 

Cellulitis results when the integrity of the skin is broken due to an abrasion, ulceration, skin puncture, or surgical wound. Moderate to severe infections can progress to more serious infections such as osteomyelitis if not adequately treated. Cellulitis is most commonly caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (Streptococcus pyogenes) and Staphylococcus aureus. Wound cultures have a very low yield and rarely identify the causative pathogen. Thus, cultures are rarely done and therapy is usually presumptive. 

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