Hematologic factors

The results were promising enough to suggest that a prospective study is warranted. Such a study would carefully collect all hematologic factors as well as use validated tools for determining ulcer size and appearance. In addition, collecting wound fluid before, during, and after treatment to determine the effect on chronic inflammatory mediators would be useful. Research into effects at the molecular level may be useful. 

Hematologic Factors that could help predict hematological abnormalities in patients with chronic hepatitis C taking pegylated interferon and ribavirin have been studied in 136 patients over 4 years, of whom 52 developed neutropenia (n = 28), anemia (30), or thrombocytopenia (11). Genotype 1, a history of hypertension, a low baseline platelet count, a low baseline hemoglobin, and a raised serum creatinine concentration were significant factors [31 ]. 

Neither the mechanism by which benzene damages bone marrow nor its role in the leukemia process are well understood. It is generally beheved that the toxic factor(s) is a metaboHte of benzene (107). Benzene is oxidized in the fiver to phenol [108-95-2] as the primary metabolite with hydroquinone [123-31-9] catechol [120-80-9] muconic acid [505-70-4] and 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene [533-73-3] as significant secondary metabolites (108). Although the identity of the actual toxic metabolite or combination of metabolites responsible for the hematological abnormalities is not known, evidence suggests that benzene oxide, hydroquinone, benzoquinone, or muconic acid derivatives are possibly the ultimate carcinogenic species (96,103,107—112). 

Hematologic von Willebrand disease Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura Factor VII defect causing impaired platelet adhesion and increased bleeding time Decrease in circulating platelets—can be acute or chronic... 

Srivastava A. Optimizing clotting factor replacement therapy in hemophilia A global need. Hematology 2005 10(suppl l) 229-230. 

An intermediate-duration MRL of 0.8 mg/kg/day was derived from aNOAEL of 75 mg/kg/day (3,000-ppm concentration in the diet) at which no hematological or other effects were noted in beagle dogs (Hart 1980). The NOAEL was divided by an uncertainty factor of 100 (10 each for interspecies and intraspecies variability). 

Heuser, M. and Ganser, A. 2005. Colony stimulating factors in the management of neutropenia and its complications. Annals of Hematology 84(11), 697-708. 

Lyman, G. and Kuderer, N. 2004. The economics of the colony stimulating factors in the prevention and treatment of febrile neutropenia. Critical Review in Oncology and Hematology 50(2), 129-146. 

Sorensen, E.M.B., P.M. Cumbie, T.L. Bauer, J.S. Bell, and C.W. Harlan. 1984. Histopathological, hematological, condition-factor, and organ weight changes associated with selenium accumulation in fish from Belews Lake, North Carolina. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 13 153-162. 

Beckmen, K.B. et al., Organochlorine contaminant exposure and associations with hematological and humoral immune functional assays with dam age as a factor in free-ranging northern fur seal pups (Callorhinus ursinus), Mar. Pollut. Bull., 46, 594, 2003. 

The data base for HCFC-141b is extensive and contains studies with human subjects as well as several mammalian species. The study with human subjects was well conducted and addressed clinical symptoms, respiratory effects, cardiotoxicity, hematology and clinical chemistry effects, and pharmacokinetics. The study with humans established a no-effect level (AEGL-1) that may be conservative, because a lowest-observed-effect level was not attained. The AEGL-1 of 1,000 ppm is supported by the animal data, which show an absence of effects at concentrations that are higher by a factor of 10. Animal studies addressed both acute and chronic exposure durations as well as neurotoxicity, genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, and cardiac sensitiza... 

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