Heliotropism

This body, also known as piperonal, is a white crystalline compound possessing a powerful odour of heliotrope. It is the methylene eEier of protocatechuic aldehyde, of the constitution—... 

Heliotropin melts at 37°, but its perfume is injured by exposure to a temperature several degrees below this, and it should always be stored in cool dark places. In very hot weather the stock may with advantage be kept dissolved in alcohol, ready for use. Its perfume is a powerful heliotrope odour, and is improved by blending it with a little coumarin or vanillin, or with bergamot, lemon, or neroli oil. Attention should be drawn to the fact that the fancy perfumes whose names resemble heliotrope are usually mixtures of heliotropin—the cheaper ones being chiefly acetanilide, the more expensive ones containing vanillin or coumarin. 

Sonnen-uhr, /. simdial. -warme, /. sim s heat, solar heat, wende,/. solstice heliotrope, sonnlg, a. sunny. 

In mammals, phenobarbital and phenytoin increase serum ceruloplasmin concentrations (Aaseth and Norseth 1986). Chronic copper poisoning in sheep is exacerbated when diets contain heliotrope plants (Heliotropium sp., Echium spp., Senecio sp.). Aggravated effects of the heliotrope plants include reduced survival and a twofold to threefold increase in liver and kidney copper concentrations when compared to control animals fed copper without heliotropes (Howell et al. 1991). Rats given acutely toxic doses of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin had elevated concentrations of copper in liver and kidney because of impaired biliary excretion of copper (Elsenhans et al. 1991). Morphine increases copper concentrations in the central nervous system of rats, and dithiocarbam-ates inhibit biliary excretion (Aaseth and Norseth 1986). In human patients, urinary excretion of copper is increased after treatment with D-penicillamine, calcium disodium EDTA, or calcium trisodium diethylenetriamine penta acetic acid (Flora 1991). 

Merino sheep, 6 to 9 months old given 5.1 mg/kg BW 5 times weekly for 28 weeks through the mouth as copper sulfate. Heliotrope and nonheliotrope diets... 

Some deaths. Yellow discoloration of sclera of eye passing of red-colored urine. Copper concentrations, in mg/kg DW, from sheep fed nonheliotrope diets were 1394 in liver (824 in controls) and 132 in kidney (20 in controls). Sheep on heliotrope diet had 2783 mg/kg DW in liver and 321 mg Cu/kg DW in kidney Severe morphological changes in liver, kidney, and brain tissue damage continued after cessation of copper and was sufficiently severe to lead to repeated hemolytic crises. Maximum copper concentrations at day 83 were 3289 mg/kg DW in liver (138 in controls), and 683 in kidney (15 in controls)... 

Howell, J.M., H.S. Deol, PR. Dorling, and J.B. Thomas. 1991. Experimental copper and heliotrope intoxication in sheep morphological changes. Jour. Comp. Pathol. 105 49-74. 

The Borage plant (syn. Forget-me-not) family (Boraginaceae Lindl.) contains L-ornithine (Figure 11 and 15) derived alkaloids, such as indicine-N-oxide in the heliotrope (Heliotropium indicum) and southern hound s tongue Cynoglosum creticum) species (Table 8). Farsam et al. reported on new alkaloids from... 

Sheep on heliotrope diet had 2783 mg/kg DW in liver and 321 mg Cu/kg DW in kidney Severe morphological changes in liver, kidney, 12... 

Next to materials of the glass-ceramics type, many varieties of chalcedony, such as agate, carneol, onyx, sardonyx, heliotrope and jasper, exhibit similar changes in hardness resulting from different consolidation of the cryptocrystalline structure of silica among mineral individuals. 

Ultra violet, modem violet, modern heliotrope, prune Colour precipitated Basic mordant Dyestuff On the addition of chromium fluonde reagent to a solution of the dyestuff 0 h 1 ... 

Paraphenylene violet, rhoduline violet, rhoduline heliotrope, methylene violet, methylene hehotrope, tannin heliotrope, ins violet, amethyst violet, cresyl fast violet fit < > 0 ... 

Violets and heliotropes of the benzo, benzoform, bnlliant Congo, chloramine, chlorazol, Columbia, diamme, diaml, dianol, diazo, diphenyl, direct, formal, naphthamine, oxamme, oxydiamme, para, rosantbrene, tnsulphon, etc, senes Azo marne, azo violet, benzo fast heliotrope, chlorantme lilac, hessian purple V-olet ... 

The uses of vanillin in international perfumery are many. In aldehydic perfumes, vanillin provides the powdery impression given by the background smell, usually up to 2% in the perfume concentrate. In fruity notes, vanillin enhances the various fruity constituents (0.1—0.5% in pears up to 2% in peaches) for instance, a peach note is not fully peach without vanillin. When vanillin is combined with some floral notes, such as heliotrope and orchid, which actually contain strong vanilla impressions, amounts of 2—5% are possible. However, with notes such as rose, orange flower, and jonquil, the addition of 0.1—2% vanillin can bring warmth and elegance. In woody families such as fougiire and chypre, and also in spicy perfumes, the harsh impression also needs the fine, smooth aroma provided by vanillin traces. 

Generally, underground production begins with seemingly innocuous materials, such as Heliotrope or some residues from camphor production. 

Jasper Prase (green), Plasma (dark green) Bloodstone, heliotrope Any color opaque most often red, green, brown and/or yellow, often multicolored Dark green with red spots or streaks... 

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