Winding process, helical

Fabrlcatlon/assembly of externally wound tubular membrane elements is accomplished by specially designed equipment that simultaneously and continuously winds, in helical fashion. Infinite lengths of membrane and backing material strips onto prefabricated tubular support structures. Membrane strip winding overlaps are solvent bonded during the winding process. 

A composite structure, obtained with helical winding of fibers, is proposed to design scaffolds for tubular tissue. The mechanical response of such a system is correlated with the deformation mechanism that is related to geometrical variations of the composite structure during a loading process. 

The electrocrystallization on an identical metal substrate is the slowest process of this type. Faster processes which are also much more frequent, are connected with ubiquitous defects in the crystal lattice, in particular with the screw dislocations (Fig. 5.25). As a result of the helical structure of the defect, a monoatomic step originates from the point where the new dislocation line intersects the surface of the crystal face. It can be seen in Fig. 5.48 that the wedge-shaped step gradually fills up during electrocrystallization after completion it slowly moves across the crystal face and winds up into a spiral. The resultant progressive spiral cannot disappear from the crystal surface and thus provides a sufficient number of growth... 

We have fabricated the torsional actuator by depositing PPy on a tube substrate with helically wound platinum fibers. While the fabrication process follows closely the work of Ding et al. [Ding et al. (2003)], they adopted the approach for a different purpose and did not examine torsional actuation of such devices. We have conducted experiments on actuators with different dimensions and fiber winding angles, which have not only confirmed torsion and other deformation modes of these actuators but also validated the nonlinear mechanical model. 

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