Heavy hydro-treating

Equipment. In designing the apparatus to be used for the hydro-treating and hydrocracking of SRC, heavy reliance was placed on the petroleum-processing experience in the Houdry Division of Air Products. A continuous process development unit was designed and constructed to catalytically hydroprocess nominally 1 L/hr of SRC liquid. A simplified flowsheet of the unit appears in Figure 1. 

The heavy distillate fractions of shale and coal liquids will require hydro-treating in the event that they were to be used as an FCC charge stock or a fuel oil. The hydro-treating of these heavy distillates does not appear to facilitate optimum application of these materials however, this program s primary objective was to study the hydro-treating of the complete full range distillates and their subsequent comparison with petroleum. 

Table VII presents the results of hydro-treating the heavy distillates. The petroleum fraction was 56% desulfurized at 625°F and 83% at 725°F. Desulfurization of the coal material was 82% at 625°F and 90% at 725°F. The shale liquid underwent 28% desulfurization at 625°F and 56% at 725°F. Denitrogenation of the coal and shale heavy gas oils was very poor. Maximum denitrogenation occurred at 725 °F and gave values of 69% for petroleum, 17% for coal, and 56% for the shale material. The tabulated experimental results are presented in Table VII.

Table VII. Characterization of Hydro-Treated Heavy Distillates...

Generally, the program consisted of the hydro-treating of naphthas, middle distillates (400°-650°F), and heavy distillates (650°-975°F) derived from coal liquefaction (H-Coal), shale oil liquefaction (TOSCO II), and petroleum. 

SOLFIX is an ex situ stabilization technology that treats heavy metals by reacting contaminated soils and sediments with cement, pozzolanic materials, and other additives to chemically immobilize contaminants into an insoluble form. SOLFIX can be used either as a stand-alone technology or it can be incorporated with Hydro-SEP (a sediment washing technology) and ORG-X (a solvent extraction technology) into a three-step remediation process termed integrated sediment decontamination system (ISDS). 

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