Heating value, of biomass

Gross heating value of biomass or methane. Conversion of biomass or methane to another biofuel requires that the process conversion efficiency be used to reduce the potential energy available. These figures do not include additional biomass from dedicated energy plantations. 

Table 8. Composition and Heating Value of Biomass, Wastes, Peat, and Coal...

Table 10. Low Heating Values of Biomass and Fossil Materials...

Friedl, A., Padouvas, E., Rotter, H., Varmuza, K. Anal. Chim. Acta 544, 2005, 191-198. Prediction of heating values of biomass fuel from elemental composition. 

Varmuza, K., Liebmann, B., Friedl, A. University of Plovdiv Paisii Hilendarski —Bulgaria, Scientific Papers—Chemistry 35[5], 2007, 5-16. Evaluation of the heating value of biomass fuel from elemental composition and infrared data. 

Heating values -of biomass wastes [FUELS FROM BIOMASS] (Vol 12)... 

TABLE 3.8 Comparison of the Measured and Calculated Higher Heating Values of Biomass, Coal, and Peat ... 

Raveendran, K. and Ganesh, A. "Heating Value of Biomass and Biomass Pyrolysis Products", Fuel, v-75, n-15, pp.1715-1720, 1996,... 

Raveendran, K., Ganesh, A. (1996). Heating value of biomass and biomass pyrolysis products. FuellS, 1715-1720. 

Yin, C.-Y. 2011. Prediction of Higher Heating Values of Biomass from Proximate and Ultimate Analyses. Fuel 90 (3) 1128-1132. 

Biomass whether trees, plants, grasses, algae, or water plants, has a heating value of 15.1 X 10 J/dry t, and is converted in integrated biomass planting, harvesting, and conversion systems to SNG at an overall thermal efficiency of 50%. 

Direct hydrohquefaction of biomass or wastes can be achieved by direct hydrogenation of wood chips on treatment at 10,132 kPa and 340 to 350°C with water and Raney nickel catalyst (45). The wood is completely converted to an oily Hquid, methane, and other hydrocarbon gases. Batch reaction times of 4 hours give oil yields of about 35 wt % of the feed the oil contains about 12 wt % oxygen and has a heating value of about 37.2 MJ /kg (16,000 Btu/lb). Distillation yields a significant fraction that boils in the same range as diesel fuel and is completely miscible with it. 

Table 5.3 Mean biomass yield, moisture content and heating value of appropriated energy crop species in Germany according to Schmitz (2003), BMELV (2006), KTBL (2006), Friihwirth et al. (2006), Rosillo-Calle et al. (2007), BMELV (2007a) and own data...

As discussed above, the pyrolysis of biomass at high temperature (>1000 °C) results in the formation of synthesis gas, a valuable mixture of CO and H2. The decomposition of carbohydrate to synthesis gas is an endothermic reaction since the heating value of product is —125% of that of the feedstock (Reaction 1). The reaction becomes nearly thermo-neutral upon burning about 1/4 of the products. Since the thermodynamics favors the combustion of H2 over CO, the gasification reaction resemble the theoretical Reaction (2). Indeed numerous gasification processes feed 02 or air to drive the gasification reaction. 

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