Heating, in steam

The expanded polystyrene can be made by impregnating small porous beads of the polymer with pentane and heating in steam. The volume increases many a times. Expanded beads are kept in warm air for 24-36 hours and moulded with steam into blocks. 

When heated in steam at 800°C, the metal is converted to its dioxide, M0O2 ... 

The gasification method consists of mixing coal with a mixture of two parts of the Eschka mixture (i.e., 67% w/w light calcined magnesium oxide and 33% w/w anhydrous sodium carbonate), six parts of soda lime, and one part of molybdenum oxide. The sample is then placed in a porcelain boat, covered with platinum gauze, and heated (in a quartz tube) to 200 to 250°C (392 to 482°F). The sample is then heated in steam at 850 to 950°C (1562 to 1742°F). The gases pass into 0.1 N sulfuric acid, where ammonia is chemically absorbed as ammonium sulfate and then determined by one of the usual techniques. 

Figure 3. XRPD diffraction patterns for aspartame hemihydrate. Shown are (a) theoretical pattern calculated from the single crystal structure (b) Form I (ball-milled) (c) Form I (heated in steam) (d) Form II (after compression at 250 MPa) and (e) Form R (commercial). Reproduced from [23].

When electrolytic iron foil is heated in steam to about 330° C., tarnishing begins to take place. At 400° C. a small but measurable quantity of hydrogen is formed, and the velocity of the reaction increases rapidly with further rise of temperature The reaction appears to take place m three stages, involving2... 

Chemical Properties.— Osmium oxidises when heated in air. The oxidation of the powdered metal begins at temperatures below 212° C. in air, and below 170° C. in oxygen,10 volatile vapours of the tetroxide, Os04, being evolved. These vapours are intensely poisonous, producing temporary blindness and other unpleasant symptoms.5 Osmium is also oxidised when heated in steam. It is readily dissolved by... 

The apparatus illustrated in Fig. 11.52 may be employed when the filter paper (or drop reaction paper) must be heated in steam the filter paper is placed on the side arm support. By charging the flask with hydrogen sulphide solution, ammonia solution, chlorine or bromine water, the apparatus can be used for treating the filter paper with the respective gases or vapours. 

Watt did believe that water s property of boiling at lower temperatures when at lower pressures was relevant. It was because he believed that the relative proportions of latent and sensible heat in steam affected its elasticity and therefore determined how much motive power the steam could produce in the engine. 

When heated in steam, ferrous chloride yields hydrogen chloride and ferroso-ferric oxide —... 

When nitrous oxide is passed over iron at 200° C. ferrous oxide is produced,1 and also when iron is heated in steam to 350° C.2... 

In previous experiments iron has been (i) heated in air, (2) heated in steam, (3) treated with acids, and (4) heated with sulphur. Recall and record briefly the essential result of each experiment. 

Figure 2 TEM images of model Ni/y-Al203 (170 pmol Ni/m (a) after heating in H2 at 773 K for 5 h and 973 K for an additional 4 h (b) formation of patches of oxide film upon heating in steam at 973 K for 2 h. ...

Figure 12 Monotonic decreases in average crystallite size and crystallite population of model Ni/alumina during heating in steam at 973 K subsequent rapid change of particle size and population upon subsequent heating in...

Efficient, uniform heat transfer is achieved when logs are heated in steam-water mixtures or immersed in hot water. Some form of segregation is desirable as the conditioning period ranges from a few hours to three or more days, depending on the log diameter and species characteristics. Logs can be conditioned in batches and in... 

The apparatus illustrated in Fig. 2.49 may be employed when the filter paper (or drop reaction paper) must be heated in steam the filter paper is... 

Magnesium reacts with cold water only slowly, but rapidly reacts to form the oxide when heated in steam ... 

A sample of 62 gm of /er/-butyl thiomethacrylate was heated at 60°C for 4 days with 0.1% of azobisisobutyronitrile. Gelation occurred in 12 hr. The material dissolved readily in 1200 ml of chloroform. Precipitation from 6000 ml of methanol gave 41 gm (66%) of white, odorless powder. This material had an intrinsic viscosity of 0.24 and s.p. 193°C. Compression molding gave a clear brittle specimen which did not exhibit surface flow when heated in steam as 121°C. 

The transformation of a keratin of animal hair into f> keratin by stretching is facilitated by adequate previous treatment such as heating in steam or the action of certain chemicals. These probably loosen the bonds between the ajacent side chains of the triads. 

Complete replacement of halogai occurs whai either fluorapatite or chlorapatite is heated in steam at high temperatures ... 

When the beads are heated in steam (or expanded ), the pentane volatilizes to expand the beads into a thermoplastic foam. These foam beads are subsequently packed into molds and fused by heat into the shape desired. The EPS can also be extruded into sheets and thermoformed into products such as meat trays and plates. EPS has good thermal insulation and shock-absorbing properties. 

The porous char of carbon is obtained by the destructive distillation of an organic material such as wood and coconut shells. The product can be activated by heating in steam or CO2 to increase the surface area and significantly increase the ability to adsorb liquids and gases. 

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