Heat-shock response element

Xiao, H. and Lis, J.T. (1988) Germline transformation used to define key features of heat shock response elements. Science, 239, 1139-1142. 

Several copies of this sequence, known as the heat-shock response element, are present starting at a site 15 bp upstream of the TATA box. HSTF differs from a 32 a heat-shock protein of E. coli (Section 28.1.2). in binding directly to response elements in heat-shock promoters rather than first becoming associated with RNA polymerase. 

Several copies of this sequence, known as the heat-shock response element, are present starting at a site IS bp upstream of the TATA box. 

In virtually all organisms, enhanced synthesis of heat shock proteins (HSPs) occurs in response to environmental, chemical, and physiological stresses. Some members of the evolutionarily conserved HSP gene family are constitutively expressed and function as molecular chaperones. It has been demonstrated that HSP induction results primarily from the activation of a heat shock transcription factor (HSF) with subsequent binding to heat shock response DNA elements (HSEs) in the enhancer regions of the HSP genes157. Heat shock responses in fish have been recently reviewed by Basu et al.15 and will be discussed in another chapter of this volume, so we will primarily limit our discussions to heat shock responses in zebrafish. 

The regulon consists of genes that are not necessarily located near each other in the genome nor do they necessarily have the same promoter/operator elements. The heat-shock response regulon is a primary... 

Hormone response elements (for steroids, T3, retinoic acid, peptides, etc) act as—or in conjunction with— enhancers or silencers (Chapter 43). Other processes that enhance or silence gene expression—such as the response to heat shock, heavy metals (Cd and Zn +), and some toxic chemicals (eg, dioxin)—are mediated through specific regulatory elements. Tissue-specific expression of genes (eg, the albumin gene in liver, the hemoglobin gene in reticulocytes) is also mediated by specific DNA sequences. 

FIGURE 35-6 Examples of apoptotic and antiapoptotic mechanisms that act on or within different subcellular compartments. CBP, Ca2+ binding protein CREB, cyclic AMP response element binding protein HSP, heat shock protein IP3, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate ROS, reactive oxygen species. 

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