Heat protection tests

In a Japanese plasma wind tunnel, SPA specimens were tested up to 3.8 MW/m2 at 0.7 bar aerodynamic pressure (Fig. 12). After a test duration of 60 s, no obvious damage was visible. The surface temperature of about 2600°C was reduced to 100°C within 20 min. Further analysis showed a maximum charred depth of the ablator of 15 mm. The carbonization process did not change the geometric dimensions, the new heat protection system can be considered absolutely stable to deformation. The carbonized layer still has a noticeable pressure resistance and transfers the load applied by the dynamic pressure to the structure. 

Pause BH. New heat protective garments with phase change material. In Nelson CN, Henry NW, editors. Performance of protective clothing issues and priorities for the 21st century, vol. 7. West Conshohocken, PA American Society for Testing and Materials 2000. p. 3-13. ASTM STP 1386. 

Rossi RM, Schmid M, Camenzind MA. Thermal energy transfer through heat protective clothing during a flame engulfment test. Textil Res J 2014 84(13) 1451-60. 

GodhUce, D.J., 1997. History of the development of the total heat loss test method. In Stull, J.O., Schwope, A.D. (Eds.), Performance of Protective Clothing 6th Volume. ASTM International, Orlando, FL, pp. 109-226. 

The cooling air temperature should be measured by several thermometers placed it different points around and halfway tip the motor, at a distance of 1-2 m and protected from heat radiation and dratights. The value to be adopted for the temperature of the cooling air or gas during a test should be the mean of the readings of the thermometers placed as mentioned above, taken at eqtial time intervals during the last quarter of the duration of the test. 

Personal eye-protection - Optical test methods. Partially superseded BS 2092 1987 Personal eye-protection - Non-optical test methods. Partially superseded BS 2092 1987 AMD 1 Personal protection - Equipment for eye and face protection during welding and allied processes (AMD 9902) dated January 1998. Superseded BS 1542 1982 AMD 3 Gas heated catering equipment. Safety requirements (AMD 10573J dated December 1999. Superseded BS 5314... 

Reactions under pressure are usually carried out in an autoclave. However, several simple vessels can be used for reactions at moderate pressure. A heavy walled Pyrex test tube or Kjeldahl flask drawn out and sealed with an oxygen torch makes a suitable container for many Diels-Alder reactions. The tube can be heated in an oil or water bath, but care must be exercised to protect against explosions. At the conclusion of the reaction, the tube is cooled to room temperature, the neck is scratched with a file or carborundum chip, and a hot Pyrex rod is touched to the scratch. A large crack in the neck should result, and the sealed top can be easily knocked off. 

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