Heat pipes reliability

Heat/Solvent Recovery. The primary application of heat pipes in the chemical industry is for combustion air preheat on various types of process furnaces which simultaneously increases furnace efficiency and throughput and conserves fuel. Advantages include modular design, isothermal tube temperature eliminating cold comer corrosion, high thermal effectiveness, high reliability and options for removable tubes, alternative materials and arrangements, and replacement or add-on sections for increased performance (see Furnaces, fuel-fired). 

Heat pipes can easily be implemented inside sorption storage vessels. They are the most convenient thermal control devices for the solid and liquid sorption machines due to its flexibility, high thermal efficiency, cost-effectiveness, reliability, long operating life, simple manufacturing technology. 

Passive cooling - Blankets and barriers - Louvers - Heat pipes, pumped loops - Radiators - simple - reliable - long lifetime (ISyrs) - low cost and mass - proven technology - limited cooling range (>80K) - depends on surroundings (orbit condition)... 

A number of recent references have focused on the problems associated with the design and manufacture of heat pipes. Most notable are early works by Feldman [16] and Brennan and Kroliczek [17], and more recent ones by Peterson [7] and Faghri [8]. In addition to such factors as cost, size, weight, reliability, fluid inventory, and construction and sealing techniques,... 

A. Basiulis, R. C. Prager, and T. R. Lamp, Compatibility and Reliability of Heat Pipe Materials, Proc. 2nd Int. Heat Pipe Conf, Bologna, Italy, pp. 357-372,1976. 

M. Murakami and K. Arai, Statistical Prediction of Long-Term Reliability of Copper Water Heat Pipes From Acceleration Test Data, Proc. 6th Int. Heat Pipe Conf, Grenoble, France, pp. 2194-2199, 1987. 

The main circuit is hermetically sealed within a nearly adiabatic housing, according to the application environment and the principles formulated by our country, which presents a relatively high requirement for the converters cooling ability . Therefore, only design the heat pipe outside the shell, can ensrue the validity and reliability of cooling. In order to facilitate legitimately and easily, the converter s three phases are installed separately with the DC bus... 

Moon, S.H. et al. (2004). Improving thermal performance of miniature heat pipe for notebook PC cooling. Microelectronics Reliability, Vol. 44, pp. 315-321. 

A main drain tank located below the reactor room has a natural convection cooling system. Also for decay heat removal, a reliable system such as the heat pipe could be located in the drain tank. 

The Guidelines for Process Equipment Reliability Data with Data Tables covers a variety of components used in the chemical process industry, including electrical equipment, analyzers, instrumentation and controls, detectors, heat exchangers, piping systems, rotating equipment (pump, compressor, and fan), valves, and fire protection systems. 

Chen s method was developed from experimental data on forced convective boiling in vertical tubes. It can be applied, with caution, to forced convective boiling in horizontal tubes, and annular conduits (concentric pipes). Butterworth (1977) suggests that, in the absence of more reliable methods, it may be used to estimate the heat-transfer coefficient for forced convective boiling in cross-flow over tube bundles using a suitable cross-flow correlation to predict the forced-convection coefficient. Shah s method was based on data for flow in horizontal and vertical tubes and annuli. 

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