Heat exchange equipment design

The purpose of the remaining R D work is to improve the thermohydraulic performance of the reactor, to substantiate the steady-state heat removal modes in the core, and to optimize the heat-exchanger equipment design. A separate purpose of the R D work is to demonstrate the inherent and passive safety features of the reactor under different emergency conditions. 

These historical and fundamental concepts form the foundation for the design, applications, and operations of a major class of equipment that are used throughout the chemical process industries - heat exchange equipment, or heat exchangers. There are many variations of these equipment and a multitude, of... 

Singh, K. P. and K. K. Niyogi - editors, Heat Exchange Equipment and Valve Design and Operability Improvement, International Joint Power Generation Conference, Pheonix, AZ, 1994. 

The transfer of heat to and from process fluids is an essential part of most chemical processes. The most commonly used type of heat-transfer equipment is the ubiquitous shell and tube heat exchanger the design of which is the main subject of this chapter. 

The reactor volume is taken as the volume of the reactor physically occupied by the reacting fluids. It does not include the volume occupied by agitation devices, heat exchange equipment, or head-room above liquids. One may arbitrarily select the temperature, pressure, and even the state of aggregation (gas or liquid) at which the volumetric flow rate to the reactor will be measured. For design calculations it is usually convenient to choose the reference conditions as those that prevail at the the inlet to the reactor. However, it is easy to convert to any other basis if the pressure-volume-temperature behavior of the system is known. Since the reference volumetric flow rate is arbitrary, care must be taken to specify precisely the reference conditions in order to allow for proper interpretation of the resultant space time. Unless an explicit statement is made to the contrary, we will choose our reference state as that prevailing at the reactor inlet and emphasize this choice by the use of the subscript zero. Henceforth,... 

In many of these operations the engineer is concerned primarily with prediction of pressure losses. However, the heat transfer rate through the tube wall into the gas or the liquid phase is also of major concern in heat-exchange equipment. In the design of chemical reactors for heterogeneous gas-liquid systems, it is necessary to be able to predict not only pressure drops and rates of heat transfer into or out of the channel, but also the rates of mass transfer from the gas into the liquid phase. 

Shah RK, Focke WW. Plate heat exchangers and their design theory. In Shah et al., eds. Heat Transfer Equipment Design. Hemisphere, 1988 227-254. 

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