Heartwood, constituents

Erdtman H, Harmatha J (1979) Phenolic and terpenoid heartwood constituents of Libocedrus yateensis. Phytochemistry 18 1495-1500... 

The natural occurrence of promelacacinidins was until recently restricted to the heartwoods of Prosopis glandulosa and Acacia melanoxylon. The investigations of the heartwood constituents of A. caffra and A. galpinii also revealed the presence of a limited number of promelacacinidins (Table 11.11) as well as mixed di- and trimeric proteracacinidin or promelacacinidins (see Table 11.10). 

Stilbenes are a relatively small, but widely distributed, group of plant secondary metabolites found mostly as heartwood constituents in a heterogenous assembly of plant species. Over 200 naturally occurring stilbenes and stilbene glyco-... 

Fig. 2.3 Flavonoid diversity in the heartwood constituents of Colophospermum mopane (Leguminosae subfamily Caesalpinioideae). Stmctural types present with illustrative example(s) flavonol fisetin (11) dihydroflavonol (+)-taxifolin (12) flavan-3-ols (+)-catechin (13) and (-)-fisetinidol (14) flavan-3,4-diol (+ )-gleditsin (15) peltogynoid epimopanol (16) profisetinidin fisetinidol-(4a 8)-catechin (17) proguibourtinidin guibourtinidol-(4a— 8)-catechin (18) propeltogynidin (-)-epipeltogynane-(4a 6)-(-)-fisetinidol (19) trimeric profisetinidin fiseti-nidol.(4a— 6)-catechin-(8— 4a)-fisetinidol (20) tetrahydropyranochromene 21 and hexahydropyranochiomene 22.

Mujumdar R B, Rathi S S, Rama Rao A V 1977 Heartwood constituents of Chloroxylon swietenia D C. Indian J Chem 15B 200... 

Pilo C, Runeberg J 1960 Heartwood constituents of Juniperus chinensis. Acta Chem Scand 14 353-358... 

Erdtman H, Norin T 1963 Heartwood constituents of Laburnum alpinum Brecht. Prest. Acta Chem Scand 17 1781-1782... 

The various flavones that have been reported in wood or bark of higher plants are listed in Table 7.5.1 under five headings simple flavones, C-methylflavones, isoprenylated flavones, flavone O-glycosides, and C-glycosylflavones. Only a small number of simple hydroxyflavones (or their O-methyl ethers) are recorded. They are only regularly reported as heartwood constituents of Finns and Prunus. 

Other tissues of Pinus trees also contain flavonoids though usually in lesser quantities. Erdtman (9) writes small amounts of the heartwood constituents have been found in the cambium and sapwood of many pine species. .. and it is obvious that the heartwood constituents are formed in the cambium and transported to the heartwood via the rays of the sapwood. Bark constituents, by contrast, differ somewhat from those of the wood so that there must be some separation at the cambium in the pathways of biosynthesis. Pine barks, for example, may contain the common dihydroflavonols and flavonols in addition to the flavanones and flavanonols of the wood. Pinus contorta bark, for example, contains sufficient myricetin to make it a useful source of this flavonol, while P pinaster bark is a good source of quercetin. In addition, bark of Pinus ponderosa contains two C-methylated flavonols, pinoquercetin (20) and pinomyricetin (79), that have not been reported anywhere else. 

Erdtman H 1952 Chemistry of some heartwood constituents Of conifers and their physiological and taxonomic significance. Progr Organ Chem 1 22-63... 

Sumimoto M 1963 Heartwood constituents of Sciadopitys verticillata Sieb. et Zucc. I. The con-stitustion of sciadin. Tetrahedron 19 643-655... 

Erdtman H, Tsumo K 1969 Taxus heartwood constituents. Phytochemistry 8 931-932... 

Imamura H, Kurosu H, Takahashi T 1967 The heartwood constituents of Rhus javanica. Mokuzai Gakkaishi 13 295-299... 

Govindachari TR, Subramaniam PS, Pai BR, Kalyanaraman PS et al. 1971 Heartwood constituents of Calophyllum trapezifolium. The isolation and structure of two new xanthones. Indian J Chem 9 112-115... 

Hayashi Y, Sakurai K, Takahashi T, Kitao K 1974 Chemistry of wood extractives. XX. Heartwood constituents of Haplormosia monophylla. Mokuzaki Gakkaishi 20 595-599... 

Connolly, J. D., R. McCrindle, K. H. Overton, and J. Feeney Tetranortriterpenoids. Part II. Heartwood Constituents of Carapa guyanensis Aubl. Tetrahedron 22, 811 (1966). 

---