Heart disease tumor necrosis factor

Herrmann S-M, Ricard S, Nicaud V et al. Polymorphisms of the tumor necrosis factor-a gene, coronary heart disease and obesity. Eur J Clin Invest. 1998, 28 59-66. 

Vendrell J, Fernandez-Real J-M, Gutierrez C, Zamora A, Simon I, Bardaji A, Ricart W, Richart C. A polymorphism in the promoter of the tumor necrosis factor-a gene (-308) is associated with coronary heart disease in type 2 diabetic patients. Atherosclerosis. 2003, 167 257-264. 

Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFa) is an inflammatory cytokine and interleukin that is involved in the genesis of sepsis, arthritis, and a variety of other inflammatory states (see Chapter 22). It also has hemodynamic effects and reduces ventricular performance. It is also a common signaling molecule. Assays for it or its receptor have been developed, but the failure of recent therapeutic trials has led to concern about how to properly interpret the high levels seen in patients with CHF and coronary heart disease. At present, there are no standardized assays and no reference interval studies or consistent assay validations. 

Vaddi K, Nicolini FA, Mehta P, Mehta JL. Increased secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma by mononuclear leukocytes in patients with ischemic heart disease. Circulation 1994 90 694-699. 

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