Healthy and diseased brain tissue

CONCENTRATION OF IRON PRESENT IN HEALTHY AND DISEASED BRAIN TISSUE LABILE IRON... 

ASYMMETRY OF THE MOSSBAUER SPECTRA OF HEALTHY AND DISEASED BRAIN TISSUE... 

Many cytokines have been suggested to participate in neurodegenerafion and neurotoxicity. Increases in factors such as TNF-a and IL-lp have been observed before neuronal death (Esser et al., 1996 Matusevicius etal., 1996 Guo et al., 1998 Meda et al., 1999 Little and O Callagha, 2001). However, the comprehensive effect of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-lp and TNF-a is controversial. Neither of these cytokines causes neuronal death in healthy brain tissue or normal neurons (Gendelman and Folks, 1999). Butitis generally believed that in disease states those proinflammatory cytokines contribute to the uncontrolled inflammation in the CNS. The effect of cytokines in each individual disease will be discussed in the following sections. 

Into the future, some of the most dramatic age-related research in the industry was taking place in the brain— unlocking the secrets of memory and the physiology of Alzheimer s disease. The research seemed to show that Alzheimer s is caused by a buildup of a protein known as beta amyloid (or variations of that name), which crowds out healthy tissue. Scientists were also focusing on a condition called mild cognitive impairment, a loss of memory that typ-... 

Brain and other tissue from sick experimental animals is as readily available as from healthy animals. That includes transgenic and other animals with model human diseases. But, it is vital to remember that mice are not men, nor are rats or other experimental animals. For instance, triple transgenic mice have been crafted that develop light microscopic lesions that mimic those of Alzheimer disease (AD). (Pietropaolo et al., 2009). However, direct molecular studies document that such triple gene mutations are not the cause of human AD (Tanzi et al., 1991). Treatments have been identified that benefit Alzheimer mice (Sung et al., 2004) but not human patients with this illness. (Petersen et al., 2005 Tabet et al., 2000)... 

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