Healthcare economics expenditure

Pharmaceutical Care is a patient-centered, outcomes-oriented pharmacy practice that requires the pharmacist to work in concert with the patient and the patient s other healthcare providers to promote health, to prevent disease, and to assess, monitor, initiate, and modify medication use to assure that drug therapy regimens are safe and effective. The goal of Pharmaceutical Care is to optimize the patient s health-related quality of life, and achieve positive clinical outcomes, within realistic economic expenditures. To achieve this goal, the following must be accomplished ... 

Economic and humanistic outcome evaluations are now made as part of healthcare governance. The information gained from valid outcome measures can be used on a national level to allocate expenditures for treating various sectors of the population (e.g. the elderly, neonates, etc.) or to determine which programs will receive financial resources (e.g. vaccine programs vs. acute influenza treatments). Outcome information can be used to help make decisions regarding the inclusion or exclusion of drugs on formularies. Complete information about the economic, humanistic... 

Improving access, fostering appropriate use, and reducing unnecessary expenditures continues to be a challenge for the poor, the uninsured, minority groups, rural and inner city residents, and other priority populations. The agency supports studies of access, healthcare utilization, and expenditures to identify whether particular approaches to healthcare delivery and payment alter behaviors in ways that promote access and/or economize on healthcare resource use. 

ECONOMICS OF HEALTHCARE Table 20.1 Total health expenditure as a percentage of GDP... 

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