Health of refugees

Eisenbruch, M. (1988) The Mental Health of Refugee Children and their Cultural Development. /ntcrnutionaZ Migration Review 22 282-300. 

Brolan, C.E.(2010) Joint EU Resettlement Programme The Health of Refugee and Humanitarian Arrivals. EurJ Public Health 20(3) 248-9. 

Military Activities Syndrome Environmental destruction through war and military action Loss of biodiversity due to chemical warfare agents, permanent soil degradation due to mining, contamination caused by fuels and explosives, health hazards, greater flows of refugees... 

Mass immunization is also a consideration at times of natural disasters (floods, earthquakes) or during mass movement of refugees at times of war, combined with public health measure of safe water and food (Tarr et al. 1999). 

Westermeyer, J., and Wahmanholm, K. (1996) Refugee Children. Pp 75-103 in R. J. Apfel and B. Simon (eds.). Minefields in their Hearts The Mental Health of Children in War and Communal Violence. New Haven Yale University Press. 

The conditions of refugee and IDP camps—while facilitating access of health programmes to displaced populations— present health challenges of their own, with crowded conditions creating additional risks for rapid transmission of disease. Significant risk for transmission of water-borne diseases such as cholera and hepatitis E has been documented in camp settings. 

Such delays appear to reflect not only restrictive national policies but also weak local implementation of that provision that is potentially protective of refugees, (p. 440) Miedema, Hamilton, and Easley (2008) note, for example, how the provisions of the Interim Federal Health (IFH) programme in Canada frequently do not translate into health access for refugee households. Family physicians were found to be either unfamiliar with the programme or reported the reimbursement requirements too cumbersome. One resettlement worker noted how ... 

Consequences of environmental stress poverty, food insecurity, poor health conditions, displacement (migration or refugee movements) and disruption of the social and political institutions are regarded as the most important consequences from environmental stress, which then contribute to conflict under a certain set of unfavorable factors. 

Some children are exposed to toxic chemicals or to hazardous environments in unique circumstances. There is a need to understand chemical exposures and other health stressors in special settings in the world (child labourers, street children, refugees). Globally, millions of children live under these conditions. Currently, data on children s exposures are inadequate to effectively assess multimedia and multiroute exposures in order to conduct child-protective risk assessments. The limited exposure data that are available have focused on children in developed countries, and information on the levels of chemical exposures in children in developing countries is generally lacking. 

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