Hazards molecular basis

Lawrence DA NYS Dept of Health, Albany, NY Identify the mechanisms by which Pb and Hg are immunomodulatory and assist evaluation of their health hazard and the molecular basis for the risks in exposure National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences... 

The molecular basis of hazard is primarily concerned with the design of safer chemicals or the manipulation of molecular structure for minimized hazard... 

The Molecular Basis of Hazard (the structure-hazard link)... 

Mechanistic data for cancer are considered in hazard characterization in the context of mode of induction of toxic effects. A postulated mode of action is a biologically plausible sequence of key events leading to an observed effect supported by robust experimental observations and mechanistic data. It describes key cytologi-cal, genetic, and biochemical events— that is, those that are both measurable and necessary to the observed effect. Mode of action is contrasted with mechanism of action, which generally involves a much greater understanding of the molecular basis for an effect. 

What is the molecular basis of hazard and toxicology Can QSTR and QSPR relations be developed between toxicity and structural parameters and property and structural parameters ... 

A single unstable compound of known composition is placed in the main first volume and is located on the basis of its empirical molecular formula expressed in the Hill system used by Chemical Abstracts (C and H if present, then all other element symbols alphabetically). The use of this indexing basis permits a compound to be located if its structure can be drawn, irrespective of whether a valid name is known for it. A representation of the structure of each compound is given on the third bold title line while the name of the compound appears as the first bold title line. References to the information source are given, followed by a statement of the observed hazard, with any relevant explanation. Cross-reference to similar compounds, often in a group entry, completes the entry. See Trifluoroacetyl nitrite p. 244. 

This leading textbook in the field examines the mechanisms underlying toxicity, particularly the events at the molecular level and the factors that determine and affect toxicity. The new edition is updated to reflect the latest research in the biochemical basis of toxicology and the growing concerns over the adverse effects of drugs, environmental pollution, and occupational hazards. 

Each molecule has its own hazard rate, and if we assume a constant volume of distribution V, each molecule will have its own clearance defined as CL = Vh. Then CL becomes a random variable, and there follows the distribution of h with expectation E[CL] = VE h = V/i/X. Regardless of the molecule s clearance, the systemic clearance may be obtained on the basis of the expected profile E [IV (f)] using either the plateau evaluation during a long-term infusion or the total area under the curve. Both evaluations give CL = V (ji 1)/A. Note that for p, = 1, the systemic clearance cannot be defined albeit individual molecular clearances exist. The discrepancy between E CL and CL is due to the randomness of the model parameter h. 

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