Hatschek

From the beginning of this century, the demand for asbestos fibers grew in a spectacular fashion for numerous applications, in particular for thermal insulation in steam engines and technologies (4). Moreover, the development of the Hatschek machine in 1900 for the continuous fabrication of sheets from an asbestos—cement composite opened an important field of industrial application for asbestos fibers. 

When used as substitutes for asbestos fibers, plant fibers and manmade cellulose fibers show comparable characteristic values in a cement matrix, but at lower costs. As with plastic composites, these values are essentially dependent on the properties of the fiber and the adhesion between fiber and matrix. Distinctly higher values for strength and. stiffness of the composites can be achieved by a chemical modification of the fiber surface (acrylic and polystyrene treatment [74]), usually produced by the Hatschek-process 75-77J. Tests by Coutts et al. [76] and Coutts [77,78] on wood fiber cement (soft-, and hardwood fibers) show that already at a fiber content of 8-10 wt%, a maximum of strengthening is achieved (Fig. 22). 

Karlsson YA, Malmstrom PO, Hatschek T, et al. Multimodality treatment of 128 patients with locally advanced breast carcinoma in the era of mammography screening using standard polychemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide prognostic and therapeutic implications. Cancer 1998 83 936-947. 

That of Hatschek has been found to possess a somewhat limited application to solutions of pseudo globulin and albumen, the... 

References Friend, I, 78 Mellor, I, 768 Alexander, Colloid Chemistry, 4 vols. (1926-1932) Bancroft, Applied Colloid Chemistry (1926) > Bogue, Colloidal Behavior, 2 vols. (1924) Colloid Symposium Monographs, beginning 1923 Hatschek, Introduction to the Physics and Chemistry of Colloids (1922) Thomas, Colloid Chemistry (1934) Weiser, The Colloidal Salts, (1928) The Hydrous Oxides (1926) Inorganic Colloid Chemistry (1933). 

References All texts on colloids numerous articles by Liesegang and Hatschek in Kolloid-Zeitschrift Holmes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 40, 1187... 

Quite a number of empirical equations describe the concentration dependence of the relative fluidity of dispersions (l/r)rei). Such equations are also to be found in a very early work by Hatschek [2], who related the fluidity to the cube root of the volume fraction of the disperse phase ... 

Equations, similar to Hatschek s empirical equation (11) can be found in calculations by Ishai and Cohen [54] or Narkis [55] for describing the dependence of relative modulus on concentration for disperse composites ... 

Julius Hatschek, Volkerrecht, Deichert, Leipzig and Erlangen 1923... 

Since ancient times, natural fibers have been used to reinforce brittle materials. For example, thousands of years ago, Egyptians began using straw and horsehair to reinforce and improve the properties of mud bricks. In more recent times, large-scale commercial use of asbestos fibers in a cement paste matrix began with the invention of the Hatschek process in 1898. However primarily due to health hazards associated with asbestos fibers, alternate fiber types have been investigated and introduced throughout the 1960 s and 1970 s. 

Principia, 1687, lib. ii, sect. 9 Amsterdam, 17 3, 345 Hypothesis. Resistentiam, quae oritur ex defectu lubricitatis partium Fluidi, caeteris paribus, proportionalem esse velocitati, qua partes Fluidi separantur ab invicem transl. by Hatschek, The Viscosity of Liquids, 1928, 2. 

Batschinski, Z. phys, Chem, 1913, 84, 643 Dorsey, Phys, Rev, 1926, 28, 833 Jones and Fornwalt, J.A.C,S, 1938, 60, 1683. Stockl, in Landolt-Bornstein, Tabellen, 5th edit., 1923, 126, recalculated Thorpe and Rodger s results by omitting the Hagenbach correction, and says Thorpe was in agreement with this procedure. See Hatschek, The Viscosity of Liquids, 1928, 22. 

Ubbelohde, Handbuch der Chemie und Technologic der Oele, 1908, 1, 341 Zur Viskosimetrie, 2nd edit., Leipzig, 1936 Hatschek, The Viscosity of Liquids, 1928, 29 Fajans and Wust, Practical Physical Chemistry, 1930, 51 van der Wyk and Meyer, Chem, Weekbl, 1935,32,548 (no Hagenbach correction necessary accuracy 4x 10 ) Westphal, Z, techn, Phys, 1941, 22, 305. 

Duff, Phys, Rev., 1897, 4, 404, compared seven formulae with experiment cf Hatschek, The Viscosity of Liquids, 1928, 63 Ferguson, Rep. Progr. Phys., 1935, 2, 1. 

Bingham and Harrison, Z. phys. Chem., 1909, 66, 1 Bingham, Amer. Chem. J., 1910, 43, 287 Hatschek, The Viscosity of Liquids, 1928, 101 Prasad, J. Indian Chem. Soc., 1934,12, 913, used the formula log y=a+j5/r to calculate association Bondi, J. Chem. Phys., 1946, 14, 591, supposed double molecules are formed in aliphatic acids and alcohols at low temperatures. 

Hatschek, who concluded that viscosity can give some useful indication of compound formation. A mixture of stannic chloride (SnC ) and acetic acid has a very sharp maximum for equimolar amounts, and pronounced maxima are also found with mixtures of allyl and phenyl mustard oils with methylaniline and diethylamine, respectively. ... 

In a rotational viscometer the solution is filled in the annulus between two concentric cylinders of which either the external (Couette-Hatschek type) or the internal (Searle type) cylinder rotates and the other, which is connected to a torsion-measuring device, is kept in position. Let R, and Ro be the radii of the inner and outer cylinders, h the height of the cylinder which is immersed in the solution or its equivalent height if end effects are present, a> the angular velocity of the rotating cylinder, and T the torque (or moment of force) required to keep the velocity constant against the viscous resistance of the solution. It can be shown that the shearing stress (see, for example, Reiner, 1960) ... 

The Theory, Recognition and General Physico-Chemical Properties of Colloids. By Dr. Wolfgang Ostwald, Leipzig translated by Dr. Martin H. Fischer, University of Cincinnati, with notes by Emil Hatschek, London. Second Edition Revised, 63 Illustrations, Reference Tables. Octavo. Cloth, 4.50. 

Hatschek 46) developed the following equation for concentrated emulsions ... 

Hatschek, E., Ed. The Foundations of Colloid Chemistry Ernest Benn London, 1925, This book contains reprints and translations of papers by Ascherson, 1840 van Bemmelen, 1888 Faraday, 1857 Graham, 1864 Carey-Lea, 1889 Mutt-mann, 1887 Selmi, 1845. 

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