Harvard Six Cities Study

Krewski D, et al Reanalysis of the Harvard Six Cities study and the American Cancer Society Study of Particulate Air Pollution and Mortality A Special Report of the Institute s Particle Epidemiology Reanalysis Project. Cambridge, AlA Health Effects Institute, 2000... 

The Harvard Six Cities Study (HSC) (Dockery et al. 1993) monitored approximately 8,000 adults over 14—16 years in six US-Cities with varying air pollution. The smdy investigated the influence of TSP, PM2.5, S04, H", SO2 and ozone on different health indicators. The strongest association of mortality was found with sulfate and PM2.5. In the city with the highest PM2.5 the mortality exceeded the mortahty in the city with the lowest PM2.5 by 26%. The results were confirmed by reanalysis of the data (Krewski et al. 2000). Laden et al. (2006) studied the effect of improvements in particle exposure with the methodology oft the HSC. They extended the mortality follow-up for 8 years in a period of reduced air pollution concentrations. From their data they found a decrease in overall mortality, cardiovascular and lung cancer deaths associated with decrease in PM2.5 modelled either as the overall mean or as exposure in the year of death. 

Fig. 4 Risk estimates fm long-term mortality associated with a 10 (ig/m increase in PM2 5 HSC refers to the extended Harvard Six Cities Study (Laden et al. 2006), ACS to the American Cancer Society Study (Pope et al. 2002), AHSMOG to the Adventist Health Stedy of Smog (McDonnell et al. 2000) and ACS/HSC Ext to the extended study of Eftim et al. (2008) at the same locations as ACS and HSC. CVD death caused by cardiovascular disease...

Krewski D, Burnett RT, Goldberg MS et al (2000) Reanalysis of the Harvard Six Cities Study and the American Cancer Society Study of particulate air pollution and mortality. HEI Special Report. Health Effects Institute, Cambridge MA Krewski D, Burnett R, Jerrett M et al (2005) Mortality and long-term exposure to ambient air pollution ongoing analyses based on the American Cancer Society cohort. J Toxicol Environ Health A 68 1093-1109... 

Laden F, Schwartz J, Speizer FE et al (2006) Reduction in fine particulate air pollution and mortality extended follow-up of the Harvard Six Cities study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 173 667-672... 

There have been several recent studies that have evaluated assoeiations between measures of lung function (forced vital capacity, FVC FEVi the first three-quarters of a second, FEV0.75 and peak expiratory flow, PEF) and partieulate pollution levels in the United States (Table 5). These studies inelude analysis of data from both the first and second National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES 1 and NHANES II 95,96), analysis of ehildren s lung function data from the Harvard Six-Cities Study (97), and analysis of children s limg function from 24 U.S. cities (98). The effects of air pollution on lung function were estimated after adjusting for individual differences in age, race, sex, height,... 

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