Hartman apparatus

Hartman NF (1990) Optical sensing apparatus and method. US Patent 4,940,328... 

By the middle of the 1950s, speculation about the creation of an electronic instrument that operated on the same principles of the nose for odor detection was quite widespread. In a practical setting, however, no design had yet been fabricated that had grasped the reaches of this speculation. Hartman was the first to present a crude apparatus that was capable of giving a reproducible reading from the introduction of organic vapors. His system was based around a... 

Klesper and Hartman have shown that chromatography using a supercritical pressurized gas as the mobile phase is an effective way of separating polystyrene oligomers. Good resolution is achieved for chains with up to 35 repeat units and preparative separation is possible up to 15 units. The apparatus for this technique has been described. ... 

Distillation, as defined in this chapter, also includes direct thermal analysis techniques. These techniques involve the heating of a food sample in an in-line (i.e., in the carrier gas flow of the (jC) desorber. (jenerally, aroma compounds are thermally desorbed from the food and then cryofocused to enhance chromatographic resolution. This technique has been used for a number of years for the analysis of lipids and was later modified to include aqueous samples [32,33]. Aqueous samples were accommodated by including a water trap after the desorption cell. This general approach has been incorporated into the short path thermal desorption apparatus discussed by Hartman et al. [34] and Grimm et al. [35]. A schematic of this apparatus is shown in Figure 3.5. In the schematic shown, a sample of food is placed in the desorption tube and quickly heated. The volatiles are distilled into the gas flow that carries them into the cooled injection system where they are cryofocused prior to injection into the analytical colunm. 

---