Harpagoxenus

Buschinger A. (1972). Giftdrusensekret als sexualpheromon bei der ameise Harpagoxenus sublaevis. Naturwissenchaften 59, 313-314. 

Pamilo, 1996 although template and acceptance thresholds adjust with time, see D Ettorre et al., 2004a Brandt et al., 2005 Errard et al., 2006a). Enslaved host workers eclose in parasite colonies, and thus their template resembles the parasite odor, a condition which may let them accept parasites. Indeed, P. breviceps immature stages (eggs and pupae) possess distinct hydrocarbon profiles from their host species, but are cared for by Formica workers (Johnson et al., 2005) and, similarly, pupal hydrocarbons of Harpagoxenus sublaevis do not depend on their host species (Kaib et al., 1993). 

Allies, A. B., Bourke, A.F.G. and Franks, N.R. (1986). Propaganda substances in the cuckoo ant Lep to thorax kutteri and the slave-maker Harpagoxenus sublaevis. 

Brandt, M., Heinze, J., Schmitt, T. and Foitzik, S. (2006). Convergent evolution of the Dufour s gland secretion as a propaganda substance in the slave-making ant genera Protomognathus and Harpagoxenus. Insectes Soc., 53, 291-299. 

Kaib, M Heinze, J. and Ortius, D. (1993). Cuticular hydrocarbon profiles in the slavemaking ant Harpagoxenus sublaevis and its hosts. Naturwissenschaften, 80,... 

Harpagoxenus sublaevis, Leptothorax acervorum, L. muscorum and Doronomyrmex goesswaldi. Oil. 

Buschinger, A. and Alloway, T. M. (1979) Sexual behaviour in the slave-making ant, Harpagoxenus canadensis (M. R. Smith) and sexual pheromone experiments with H. canadensis, H. americanus (Emery), and H. sublaevis (Nylander) (Hymenoptera Formicidae). Z. TierpsychoL, 49, 113-19. 

The chemical nature of the Harpagoxenus substances is unknown, but the main components from Formica pergandei and F. subintegra are decyl, dodecyl and tetradecyl acetates. These substances originate in the hypertrophied... 

Buschinger, A. and Winter, U. (1977) Rekrutierung von Nestgenossen mittels Tandem-laufen bei sklavenraubziigen der dulotischen Ameise Harpagoxenus sublaevis (Nyl.). Insectes SociauXy 24, 183-90. 

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