Hansen solubility

Paine et al. [85] extensively studied the effect of solvent in the dispersion polymerization of styrene in the polar media. In their study, the dispersion polymerization of styrene was carried out by changing the dispersion medium. They used hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) as the stabilizer and its concentration was fixed to 1.5% within a series of -alcohols tried as the dispersion media. The particle size increased from only 2.0 /itm in methanol to about 8.3 /itm in pentanol, and then decreased back to 1 ixm in octadecanol. The particle size values plotted against the Hansen solubility parameters... 

Figure 13 The variation of particle size with the Hansen solubility parameter of the n-alcohols. (Adapted from Ref. 85 with the permission of John Wiley Sons, Inc.)...

Hansen solubility parameters. A convenient scheme for the evaluation of solvency is the use of the Hansen plot, a 3D diagram positioning 8, 5p and of polymer and solvent. 

C. Hansen, Hansen Solubility Parameters. A User s Handbook, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL (2000). 

Hansen CM, Smith AL (2004) Using Hansen solubility parameters to correlate solubility of C60 fullerene in organic solvents and in polymers. Carbon 42 1591-1597. 

In the context of the TMS investigated here, a mediator was needed with a Hansen solubility parameter (HSP) closer to that of the catalyst solvent than to that of NOP. A detailed database of HSPs can be found in the literature [30-32]. 

Table 9 Hansen solubility parameters of some solvents...

Pioneering work on the application of this theory for correlating and predicting distribntion ratios was done in the 1960s [38a-40c]. Several reviews on the nse of this theory for two-phase distribution processes are also available [41,42]. Recently this theory has been refined by the use of Hansen solubility parameters [6,43,44], according to which... 

Hansen C (2007) Hansen solubility parameters a user s handbook, 2nd Ed. CRC Press Inc, Taylor Francis Group, Boca Raton FL... 

FIGURE 2.4 Extended Hansen Solubility Approach applied to the solubility oftemazepam in solvents covering a wide range of polarities. The line represents equal calculated and experimental values. (Reproduced from Richardson, P. J., D. F. McCafferty, and A. D. V foolfson. 1992. J. Pharm.78 189-198. Copyright Elsevier 1992. With permission from Elsevier Science B.V.)... 

Belmares, M., M. Blanco, W. A. Goddard, R. B. Ross, G. Caldwell, S.-H. Chou, J. Pham, P. M. Olofson, and C. Thomas. 2004. Hildebrand and Hansen solubility parameters from molecular dynamics with applications to electronic nose polymer sensd>.r omputat. Chen25 1814-1826. 

Martin, A., P. L. Wu, A. Adjei, A. Beerbower, and J. M. Prausnitz. 1981. Extended Hansen solubility approach Naphthalene in individual solvent Pharm. Sci70 1260-1264. 

Predictions of Woo could be performed using global (Hildebrand) or partial (Hansen) solubility parameters, but these are very difficult (and perhaps impossible) to determine accurately from solvent-sorption experiments, so that this way is not realistic. The best experimental approach is, in our opinion, using the ultrasonic modulus. 

In another study Slobodian et al. (57) found that the percolation threshold for electrical conductivity of MWCNT-PMMA composites depends on the solvent used. The lowest percolation threshold was achieved for toluene where percolation was found to be at 4 wt% of MWCNT, for chloroform at 7 wt% and for acetone at 10 wt%. The highest conductivity was obtained at 20 wt% of MWCNT at values around 4x 10 5 Sc nr1 for composite prepared from toluene solution. They observed that the Hansen solubility parameters of individual solvent play an important role in the dispersion of MWCNT in PMMA. 

Slobodian et al. 2007(57) MWCNT Sun Nanotech Co. Ltd. Purified Solvent Casting Followed by compression molding CNT loading levels 2 to 20 wt% Bulk Composites Percolation threshold Solvent Percolation MWCNT Hansen solubility parameters were used as a guide to characterize percolation thresholds ... 

Solvating efficiency of the plasticiser for PVC -predicted using Hansen solubility parameters (350) and the Hildebrand solubility parameter (442)... 

New York City, 2nd-6th May 1999, p.3512-25. 012 PREDICTION OF PLASTICISER SOLVENCY USING HANSEN SOLUBILITY PARAMETERS... 

Hansen CM, Just L (2001) Prediction of environmental stress cracking in plastics with Hansen solubility parameters. Ind Eng Chem Res 40( 1) 21—25... 

Hansen, C.M. and Just, L. (2001) Prediction of Environmental Stress Cracking in Plastics with Hansen Solubility Parameters, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 40,21-25. 

J.M. Extended hansen solubility approach naphthalene in individual solvents. J. Pharm. Sci. 1981, 70 (11), 1260-1264. 

Frank et aL reported examples of quickly screening solvents for organic solids. In one particular example, solubilities of aspirin in four different solvents (acetone, ethanol, chloroform, and cyclohexane) were used to regress the Hansen solubility parameters for the solute, aspirin. Once the Hansen solubility parameters are identified for aspirin, Frank et al. showed that one could quickly estimate the solubilities of aspirin in any solvent or solvent mixture as long as the Hansen solubility parameters are also available for the solvents. 

Figure 2 shows the Hansen model calculation results versus experimental data for aspirin solubility in various solvents at room temperature. The Hansen solubility... 

Hansen nonpolar (dispersion) solubility parameter dh Hansen solubility parameter... 

A number of methods based on regular solution theory also are available. Only pure-component parameters are needed to make estimates, so they may be applied when UNIFAC group-interaction parameters are not available. The Hansen solubility parameter model divides the Hildebrand solubility parameter into three parts to obtain parameters 8d, 5p, and 5 accounting for nonpolar (dispersion), polar, and hydrogenbonding effects [Hansen,/. Paint Technot, 39, pp. 104-117 (1967)]) An activity coefficient may be estimated by using an equation of the form... 

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