Surface tension Hansen solubility parameters

Other uses of the solubility parameter theory include pigment-solvent interactions in terms of suspension behavior, the compatibility of plasticizers and polymers, the critical strain behavior of commercial plastics in the presence of solvents, the effects of solvents on other mechanical properties of the polymers and the affinities of organic solvents in biological systems. Equation 1.3, which uses the three partial Hansen solubility parameters, can be used to estimate the surface tension of a liquid. 

FigurO 4.4 Linear regression plot of actual surface tensions versus calculated values. Derived from an equation suggested by Beerbower which uses the three partial Hansen solubility parameters to calculate the surface tension of a liquid (e.g., surface tension = 0.0715 [8j +0.632 (5p +8 )].) The term Vm represents the solvent s...

Beerbower [15] derived Equation 4.4 which uses the three partial Hansen solubility parameters to calculate the surface tension of the liquid. 

Sulfolane is a very high boiling-point, colorless liquid with a very high viscosity (10.3 centipoises) and medium surface tension value (35.5 dynes/cm). Although the structure and reactions of sulfolane show the molecule to be very polar in nature, no Hansen solubility parameters have been reported in the literature for this solvent. Sulfolane is miscible with water and many organic solvents. 

Glycol ether evaporation rates, resin solvency, and surface tension effects on the coating are all important considerations when selecting the solvent system for automotive primers, enamel base and top coats, in industrial maintenance coatings, and wood coatings. Selection of the proper solvents for resin solvency can be greatly simplified by utilizing the Hansen solubility parameter theory. 

Liquids, surface tension, molecular volume and Hansen Solubility Parameters... 

Another apphcation of the Hansen solubility parameters is in surface tension determination. The method was proposed by Beerbower and Hansen— Skaamp (Hansen, 2000) and can be expressed as ... 

In Equation 3.14 the solubility parameters are given in (cal cm ), the molar volume V in cm moF, and then the surface tension is expressed in mN m . Values of the molar volumes and Hansen solubility parameters in these units are provided in Appendix 3.1 / is an adjustable parameter. 

For the Hansen equation the individual surface tensions (dispersion, polar and hydrogen bonding parts d,p,h) are estimated based on the total value of surface tension and the Hansen solubility parameters using Equations 3.15. The (-parameter can be estimated first via Equation 3.14 using an experimental value of the surface tension. In this way, reasonably correct values for the three surface components , i.e. the dispersion (d), polar (p) and hydrogen bonding (h) parts of the surface tensions (y", y, y ) are obtained. 

Many properties of pure polymers (and of polymer solutions) can be estimated with group contributions (GC). Examples of properties for which (GC) methods have been developed are the density, the solubility parameter, the melting and glass transition temperatures, as well as the surface tension. Phase equilibria for polymer solutions and blends can also be estimated with GC methods, as we discuss in Section 16.4 and 16.5. Here we review the GC principle, and in the following sections we discuss estimation methods for the density and the solubility parameter. These two properties are relevant for many thermodynamic models used for polymers, e.g., the Hansen and Flory-Hug-gins models discussed in Section 16.3 and the free-volume activity coefficient models discussed in Section 16.4. 

Many of the lower aliphatic esters form minimum boiling-point azeotropes with water (Table 11.2). The lower molecular weight esters have low flash points, low surface tensions and are only partially soluble in water. These acetates have mid-range Hansen polarity and hydrogen bonding solubility parameter values. The acetates offer a wide range of evaporation rates (see Table 11.9). 

When not available, liquid surface tensions (pure compounds and solutions) can be estimated using predictive methods like those based on parachors and group contributions, solubility parameters (including Hansen parameters) and corresponding states. 

Two sets of the dispersion, polar and hydrogen bonding solubility parameters have been reported for water the ones given in the Hansen Tables (Appendix 3.1) (7.6, 8.1, 20.6) and the set (10.8, 14.3, 15.6). AU values are given in (cal cm ). The experimental surface tensions of pure liquids are known (table in Problem 3.5). 

Calculate, using the Hansen-Beerbower equation, the dispersion and specific (polar and hydrogen bonding) parts of the smface tension of water based on both sets of water solubility parameters. Which set of water solubility parameters results in values for the dispersion and specific surface tensions for water closer to those estimated from the Fowkes theory ... 

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