Handicap principle

Johnstone, R. A. 1995. Sexual selection, honest advertisement and the handicap principle Reviewing the evidence. Biol. Rev. 70 1-65. 

Zahavi A, Zahavi A 1997 The handicap principle a missing piece of Darwin s puzzle. Oxford University Press, New York... 

Johnstone RA, Grafen M (1992) Error-prone signaling. Proc Royal Soc Lond B 248 229-233 Johnstone RA, Grafen M (1993) Dishonesty and the handicap principle. Anim Behav 46 759-764 Kamio M, Matsunaga S, Fusetani N (2000) Studies on sex pheromones of the helmet crab,... 

Zahavi, A., and Zahavi, A., 1997, The Handicap Principle A Missing Piece of Darwin s Puzzle, Oxford University Press, Oxford. 

Zahavi, A. 1977. The cost of honesty (further remarks on the handicap principle). J. theor. Biol. 67, 603-605. 

Encompassing everybody is, in principle, the vision of activation. In practice, young claimants of social assistance were the first to be targeted by activation in 1978. In the 1990s the insured unemployed and sick-listed persons became targets of activation and most recently this is also the case for persons with handicap and persons from ethnic minorities. 

Many of the past efforts in which performance-related measurements have played a significant role have been directed toward basic research. Furthermore, much of this research has been aimed at uncovering the general operational frameworks of normal human information processing and not the measurement of performance capacities and their use, either alone or in combination with other capacity metrics, to characterize humans of various types (e.g., normal, aged, handicapped, etc.). However, representative models and theories provide direction for, and are themselves shaped by, subsequent measurement efforts. While there are many principles and basic observations that have some relevance, the scope of material presented later is limited to topics that more specifically support the understanding of human informationprocessing performance capacity measurement. 

Unfortunately it turns out that statistical mechanics is not always satisfactory in this context because of the serious conceptuJ and mathematical difficulties in describing a fluid in nonequilibrium. And the problems are not only theoretical an assessment ol any theory from the viewpoint of the engineer has been, and is, handicapped by lack of quantitative data. Reliable data for pure fluids over a wide temperature and pressure range were not available until about ten years ago, with only limited exceptions few data are yet available for mixtures in the liquid. So, although in principle theory can contribute, in practice its contribution is not always obvious. 

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