Halogens heptyl

N-Diphenylmethylen- 374 N-Diphenylmethylen-O-aminocarbonyl- 612 N-[l,3-Diphenyl-propyl-(2) - 374 N-[l,3-Diphenyl-propyliden-(2)]- 374, 377, 380 N-(4-Halogen-phenyI)- 683 N-Heptyl- 375 N-Heptyl-N-acetyl- 376 N-Heptyliden- 375 N-Hcptyliden-O-acetyl- 376 0-(2-Hydroxy-athyl)-N-athoxycarbonyl- 133 N-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)- 683 0-(2-Hydroxy-l-phenyl-athyI)-N-athoxycarbonyI-aus 0-(ci-AthoxycarbonyI-benzyl)-N-athoxycar-bonyl-hydroxylamin und Lithiumalanat 133 N-Isopropyl- 682 N-Isopropylidcn- 613 N-Methyl- 133, 682 O-Methyl-N-bcnzyliden- 377 O-Methyl-N-benzyliden- 375 0-Methyl-N-(4-chlor-benzyl)- 375 0-Methyl-N-(4-chlor-benzyliden)- 375 N-Methy -N,0-diacetyI- 682 N-(4-Methyl-phenyl)- 683 0-McthyI-N-( 1 -phenyl-athyliden)- 375 N-(4-Methylthio-phenyl)- 684 N-(4-Nitro-benzyl)- 374 N-[4-Nitro-benzyliden - 374, 377 N-(2-Nitro-phenyl)- 562 N-(4-Nitro-phenyl)- 682 N-Nitroso-N-cyclohexyl- 697 N-Octyl- 374 N-Octyl-(2)-N-acetyl- 376 N-Octyliden- 374 N-0ctyliden-(2)-0-acctyl- 376 N-(Pentafluor-phenyl)-0,N-diacetyl- 697 N-Phenyl- 474, 481, 682, 783 N-Phenylacetyl-O-benzoyl- 265 N-(l-Phenyl-athyl)- 374 N-(l-Phenyl-athyl)-N-acetyl- 376 N-(l-Phenyl-athyliden)-374, 613 N-( l-Phenyl-athyliden)-0-acetyl- 376 N-[ 1 -Phenyl-buten-( 1 )-yl-(3)-iden]- 582 N-f4-Phenyl-butyl-(2)-iden]- 581 N-Phcnyl-N,0-diacetyl- 682 N-(4-Phenylthio-phenyl)- 684 N-Propyl-N-cyclohexyl- 376 N-Propyl-N-isopropyl- 376 O-Sulfonyl- 481 N-(4-Sulfonyl-phenyI)- 683 N-(2-Vinyl-phenyl)- 698... 

Between w-hexyl and w-heptyl side chains there lies a difference of homology, which represents one of several shoals of obviousness. Another is the choice of alkali metals or halogens lying immediately above or below one another in the periodic table. No new patent application necessarily escapes obviousness by claiming, say, a chlorophenyl substituent instead of a fluo-rophenyl or bromophenyl group that an older patent protects. Other obstacles are salts and isomers of various kinds. 

The most often used method is to start with a functional group in a defined position that is easily lost upon ionization. Halogen atoms are mostly used for the production of heptyl ions, the iodides are particularly useful since the intensity of the molecular ion is weak, the heptyl parent ion is relatively abundant and the ions with iodine or fragments thereof contribute to less than 1% of the total ion current They can be considered a clean source of heptyl (or any alkyl) ions. Another possibility are ion/molecule reactions occurring in chemical ionization, either by adding a proton to an olefin, by hydride (or another anion) abstraction with, e.g., Et, or by proton transfer, e.g., by to an... 

The halogen-metal exchange reaction can also be undesirable at times. One illustration, selected from a number, is the attempted coupling between pentafluorophenyllithium and periluorinated heptyl iodide, from which there is obtained an excellent yield of pentafluoroiodobenzene, with no significant coupling. 

Jacobsen, N. and Madsen, J.O. (1978) Halogenated metabolites including brominated 2-heptanols and 2-heptyl acetates from the tetrasporophyte of the red alga Bonnemaisonia hamifera. Tetrahedron... 

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